Àdàkọ:Infobox alumíníọ̀mù

Alumíníọ̀mù, 13Al
Alumíníọ̀mù
Pípè
Ìhànsójúsilvery gray metallic
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(Al)26.9815384(3)[1]
Alumíníọ̀mù ní orí tábìlì àyè
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
B

Al

Ga
magnésíọ̀mùalumíníọ̀mùsílíkọ́nù
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z)13
Ẹgbẹ́group 13 (boron group)
Àyèàyè 3
Àdìpọ̀Àdìpọ̀-p
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì  Post-transition metal
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan2, 8, 3
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahàn at STPsolid
Ìgbà ìyọ́933.47 K ​(660.32 °C, ​1220.58 °F)
Ígbà ìhó2792 K ​(2519 °C, ​4566 °F)
Kíki (near r.t.)2.70 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)2.375 g/cm3
Heat of fusion10.71 kJ/mol
Heat of 294.0 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.200 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1482 1632 1817 2054 2364 2790
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−2, −1, +1,[2] +2,[3] +3 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.61
energies
Atomic radiusempirical: 143 pm
Covalent radius121±4 pm
Van der Waals radius184 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of alumíníọ̀mù
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​(fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for alumíníọ̀mù
Speed of sound thin rod(rolled) 5,000 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion23.1 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity237 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity28.2 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[4]
Young's modulus70 GPa
Shear modulus26 GPa
Bulk modulus76 GPa
Poisson ratio0.35
Mohs hardness2.75
Vickers hardness167 MPa
Brinell hardness245 MPa
CAS Number7429-90-5
History
DiscoveryHans Christian Ørsted[5] (1825)
First isolationFriedrich Wöhler[6] (1827)
Named byHumphry Davy (1808)
Main isotopes of alumíníọ̀mù
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
26Al trace 7.17×105 yr β+ 1.17 26Mg
ε - 26Mg
γ 1.8086 -
27Al 100% 27Al is stable with 14 neutrons
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References

  1. Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
  2. Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 35 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291. 
  3. D. C. Tyte (1964). "Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide". Nature 202 (4930): 383. Bibcode 1964Natur.202..383T. doi:10.1038/202383a0. 
  4. Lide, D. R. (2000). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (81st ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 0849304814. http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf. 
  5. Bentor, Y. (12 February 2009). "Periodic Table: Aluminum". ChemicalElements.com. Retrieved 2012-03-06. 
  6. Wöhler, F. (1827). "Űber das Aluminium". Annalen der Physik und Chemie 11: 146–161. 
  7. Aluminium monoxide
  8. Aluminium iodide