Thomas Sankara
Thomas Isidore Noël Sankara (December 21, 1949 – October 15, 1987) jẹ́ Ààrẹ àti olórí orílẹ̀-èdè Burkina Faso (tí a mọ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ bi Upper Volta) láti 1983 dé 1987. Bákanná bó ṣe jẹ́ oníwà tófanimọ́ra, tí wọ́n gbógo fún nítorípé ó polongo ìlera àti ẹ̀tọ́ àwọn obìnrin, ó tún kọjú ìjà bo ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ìwà ìmọtaraẹninìkan ní Burkina Faso.[2] Ó jẹ́ lílé kúrò lórí ìtẹ́ ó sì jẹ́ fífikúpa nínú coup d'état tí Blaise Compaoré ṣe ní October 15, 1987, èyí tí wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó wá látọwọ́ ìlẹ̀ Fransi.
Thomas Isidore Noël Sankara | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 5th President of Upper Volta | |
| In office August 4, 1983 – August 4, 1984 | |
| Asíwájú | Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo |
| Arọ́pò | None (country renamed to Burkina Faso) |
| 1st President of Burkina Faso | |
| In office August 4, 1984 – October 15, 1987 | |
| Asíwájú | None (country renamed from Upper Volta) |
| Arọ́pò | Blaise Compaoré |
| Àwọn àlàyé onítòhún | |
| Ọjọ́ìbí | Oṣù Kejìlá 21, 1949 Yako, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), French West Africa |
| Aláìsí | October 15, 1987 (ọmọ ọdún 37) Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso |
| Ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè | Burkinabé |
| Ẹgbẹ́ olóṣèlú | none (military) |
| (Àwọn) olólùfẹ́ | Mariam Sankara[1] |
Igba ewe àtúnṣe
Thomas Sankara jẹ́ ọmọkùnrin Marguerite Sankara (aláìsí ní March 6, 2000) àti Sambo Joseph Sankara (1919 – August 4, 2006), tó jẹ́ gendarme.[3] Ó jẹ́ Katoliki, "Thom'Sank" jẹ́ Silmi-Mossi, ẹ̀yà ènìyàn tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìgbéyàwó láàrin àwọn okùnrin Mossi àti àwọn obìnrin Fulani afokojẹ̀. Àwọn Silmi-Mossi wà lára àwn tí kò ní ànfàníjùlọ nínú ẹ̀yà àwọn Mossi. Ó lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní Gaoua àtí ilé-ẹ̀kọ alákọ́dàgbà ní Bobo-Dioulasso, ìlú tó jẹ́ ìkẹjì ní Burkina Faso.
Baba re jagun pelu ile-ise adigun ile Fransi nigba Ogun Agbaye Keji, awon Nazi si timole. Ebi Sankara fe ko di alufa ijo Katoliki. Gege bi isun kan se so,[4] Sankara ko so igbagbo re nu ninu esin Katholiki botiwu ki ife re o je ninu isemarx. Bakanna o tun ni imo ninu Kurani.
Igba ise ologun àtúnṣe
Leyin ikeko ologun ni ile-eko alakodagba ni 1966, Sankara bere ise ologun re nigbato je omo odun 19, be sini leyin odun kan pere won ran lo si Madagascar lati lo fun ikeko oga ologun ni Antsirabe nibi to ti ri ijidide awon eniyan ni 1971 ati 1972. Nigba to pada si Upper Volta ni 1972, ni 1974 o ja ninu ogun bode to sele larin Upper Volta ati Mali.
O je eni to gbajumo larin awon eniyan ni Ouagadougou to je oluilu. O se e se ko je bayi nitoripe o ta gita (o wa ninu egbe olorin to n je "Tout-à-Coup Jazz") ati pe o feran awon kekeoloko.
Ni odun 1976 o di apase Commando Training Centre ni Pô. Ni odun yi kanna lo pade Blaise Compaoré ni Morocco. Nigba asiko Aare Colonel Saye Zerbo awon adipo odo oga ologun sedasile agbajo asiri to n je "Communist Officers' Group" (Regroupement des officiers communistes, or ROC) ti o ni ninu omo egbe re Henri Zongo, Jean-Baptiste Boukary Lingani, Compaoré ati Sankara.
Awon ipo ijoba àtúnṣe
Sankara je yiyan si ipo Akowe Abele fun Ifitonileti ninu ijoba ologun ni September 1981, nibi to ti n wa keke lo si awon ipade kabinet, sugbon o kosesile ni April 21, 1982 lati lodi si eyi to gba pe ijoba n wuwa lona to lodi si awon osise, nibi to ti wipe "Ki ijamba o ba awon ton fokun di awon eniyan mole!" ("Malheur à ceux qui baillonnent le peuple!")
Nigba ti ifipagbajoba to sele ni November 7, 1982 mu Major-Doctor Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo sori aga, Sankara di alakoso agba ni January 1983, sugbon won le kuro ni May 17 won si ti mole leyin ibewo omo Aare Fransi to tun je agbamora oro Afrika Jean-Christophe Mitterrand. Bakanna won tun ti Henri Zongo ati Jean-Baptiste Boukary Lingani na mole, eyi fa ijidide awon araalu.
Aare àtúnṣe
Ifipagbajoba ti Blaise Compaoré gbajo so Sankara di Aare ni August 4, 1983,[5] nigba to je omo odun 33. Itileyin fun coup d'état wa latowo Libya ti o ku die nigbana ki o gbogun ti France ni Chad[6]
Sankara ri ara re bi olujidide, o si mu apere re wa lati Cuba ati olori ologun ile Ghana, Flight Lt. Jerry Rawlings. Gege bi Aare, o polongo "Ijidide Toseluaraalu ati awon Eniyan" (Révolution démocratique et populaire, or RDP).
Ero nipa Ijidide je sisetumo latowo Sankara gege bi olodi-imperialisti ninu oro kan to so ni October 2, 1983, Discours d'orientation politique (DOP), ti olujose tosunmo Valère Somé ko fun. Awon etoilu re koju ija bo iwa ibaje, iranlowo itungigbin, idina iyan, ati lati ko ibi ara to ye si eko ati ilera.
Ikosenile ajemanu awon oloye àtúnṣe
Ijoba fagile opo agbara ti awon ijoye ni, agbara bi eto won lati owo ajemonu ati ise ofe. Awon CDR (Comités de Défense de la Révolution) je didasile bi awon agbajo opo awon eniyan, won si fun won ni awon ohun ija. Ni awon adugbo miran won di buburu won si di awon omoita adaluru. Ijoba Sankara tun gbedide ipe lati sise nise ologun to n je SERNAPO (Service National et Populaire). O se awon wonyi lati sebamu si agbara awon ologun.
Ni odun 1984, nigba ajodun odun kan ijoba re, o yi oruko Upper Volta si Burkina Faso, to tumosi "ile awon eniyan rere" lede Mossi ati Djula, ti won je awon ede meji gbangba julo nibe. Bakanna o tun fun ni asia tuntun ati orin oriki orile-ede tuntun (Une Seule Nuit).
Eto awo obinrin àtúnṣe
Sankara tun ni opo awon obinrin ninu ijoba re. Imudara ipo awon obinrin ni ikan ninu awon ise Sankara, eyi to je akoko iru re ni Iwoorun Afrika. Ijoba re fofinde ikomolabe obinrin, o taka si igbeyawopupo, o si sepolongo contraception. The Ijoba re ni o je akoko ni Afrika ti o ri ewu ti AIDS je fun awon eniyan Afrika.
Sankara se awon ohun tuntun to mu igbajumo ba ijoba re to si fa awon oniroyin agbaye lati kobi ara si ijoba re:
- O ta opo awon oko ijoba ti won je Mercedes o si so Renault 5 ( oko to dinwojulo ni Burkina Faso nigbana) di oko ibise ijoba fun awon alakoso;
- O sedasile awon eso obinrin awa kekeoloko ti won n so.
- Ni Ouagadougou, Sankara yi ile ipese awon ologun si supermarket ijoba ti gbogbo eniyan le lo raja nibe (supermarket akoko ni Burkina Faso).
Second Agacher strip war àtúnṣe
In 1985 Burkina Faso organised a general population census. During the census some Fula camps in Mali were visited by mistake by Burkinabé census agents.[7] The Malian government claimed that the act was a violation of its sovereignty on the Agacher strip. Following efforts by Mali asking African leaders to pressure Sankara,[7] tensions erupted on Christmas Day 1985 in a war that lasted five days and killed about 100 people (most victims were civilians killed by a bomb dropped on the marketplace in Ouahigouya by a Malian MiG plane). The conflict is known as the "Christmas war" in Burkina Faso.
Ifikupa àtúnṣe
On October 15, 1987 Sankara was killed with twelve other officials in a coup d'état organised by his former colleague, Compaoré. Deterioration in relations with neighbouring countries was one of the reasons given by Compaoré for his action. Prince Johnson, a former Liberian warlord allied to Charles Taylor, told Liberia's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) that it was engineered by Charles Taylor.[8] After the coup and although Sankara was known to be dead, some CDRs mounted an armed resistance to the army for several days.
Sankara was quickly buried in an unmarked grave. A week prior to his death Sankara addressed people and said that "while revolutionaries as individuals can be murdered, you cannot kill ideas."
Akiyesi ati itokasi àtúnṣe
- ↑ Defining the scope of "adequate and effective remedies" under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Sankara v. Burkina Faso 1159/2003
- ↑ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7045029.stm BBC NEWS | Africa | Burkina commemorates slain leader
- ↑ [1] Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine. [2]
- ↑ Bruno Jaffré
- ↑ The date may have been chosen for a symbolic purpose as the 194th anniversary of the Abolition of Feudal Privileges in France, but there is no evidence.
- ↑ Chad was at war with Libya. France was providing air support to Chad. According to some witnesses some French troops were involved in ground operations.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Bryant, Terry (2007). History's Greatest War. Global Media.
- ↑ US freed Taylor to overthrow Doe, Liberia's TRC hears
Iwe fun ekunrere àtúnṣe
- Thomas Sankara Speaks: The Burkina Faso Revolution, 1983-87, by Thomas Sankara, Pathfinder Press, 1988, ISBN 0-87348-527-0
- We Are the Heirs of the World's Revolutions: Speeches from the Burkina Faso Revolution 1983-87, by Thomas Sankara, Pathfinder Press, 2007, ISBN 0-87348-989-6
- Women's Liberation and the African Freedom Struggle (L'émancipation des femmes et la lutte de libération de l'Afrique), by Thomas Sankara, Pathfinder Press, 1990, ISBN 0-87348-585-8
- Vittorio Martinelli con Sofia Massai, La voce nel deserto, Zona Editrice, 2009
Awon ijapo Internet àtúnṣe
- African Revolutionary Thomas Sankara's Example Lives on by Demba Moussa Dembélé, International Journal of Socialist Renewal
- A Grisly Assassination That Will Not Stay Buried by Howard French, The New York Times, March 10 1997
- Burkina Faso Salutes "Africa's Che" Thomas Sankara Reuters UK, October 17 2007
- Interview With Aziz Fall On the Assassination of Thomas Sankara October 17 2007
- How Imperialist 'Aid' Blocks Development in Africa by Thomas Sankara, The Militant, April 13 2009
- Thomas Sankara e la rivoluzione interrotta, by Enrico Palumbo, «Ricerche di Storia Politica Website», October 2017.
| Preceded by Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo |
President of Upper Volta 1983–1984 |
Succeeded by none (Upper Volta renamed Burkina Faso) |
| Preceded by none (Upper Volta renamed Burkina Faso) |
President of Burkina Faso 1984–1987 |
Succeeded by Blaise Compaoré |
