DNA: Ìyàtọ̀ láàrin àwọn àtúnyẹ̀wò

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Ìlà 24:
[[File:DNA-ligand-by-Abalone.png|left|thumb|Major and minor grooves of DNA. Minor groove is a binding site for the dye [[Hoechst stain|Hoechst 33258]].]]
 
===Àwọn ibi tooroibitooro===
 
TwinÀwọn helicalatínrín strandsalọ́po formméjéèjì thenáà DNA backboneigbáẹ̀yìn DNA. Anotheralọ́po doubleẹ̀mẹjì helixmíràn maynáà betún foundṣe byé tracing thenípa spacestítẹ̀lé àwọn àyè, ortàbi groovesàwọn ibitooro, between the strandsláàrin àwọn atínrín náà. TheseÀwọn voidsàyè areyìí adjacent tonítòsí the baseàwọn pairsìpìlẹ̀ andméjì mayó providesìl alè pèsè [[binding site|ojú ìdè]]. As the strands are not directly opposite each other, the grooves are unequally sized. One groove, the major groove, is 22&nbsp;Å wide and the other, the minor groove, is 12&nbsp;Å wide.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Wing R, Drew H, Takano T, Broka C, Tanaka S, Itakura K, Dickerson R |title=Crystal structure analysis of a complete turn of B-DNA |journal=Nature |volume=287 |issue=5784 |pages=755–8 |year=1980 |pmid=7432492 |doi=10.1038/287755a0|bibcode = 1980Natur.287..755W }}</ref> The narrowness of the minor groove means that the edges of the bases are more accessible in the major groove. As a result, proteins like [[transcription factor]]s that can bind to specific sequences in double-stranded DNA usually make contacts to the sides of the bases exposed in the major groove.<ref name="Pabo1984">{{cite journal |author=Pabo C, Sauer R |title=Protein-DNA recognition |journal=Annu Rev Biochem |volume=53 |pages=293–321 |year=1984 |pmid=6236744 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.001453}}</ref> This situation varies in unusual conformations of DNA within the cell ''(see below)'', but the major and minor grooves are always named to reflect the differences in size that would be seen if the DNA is twisted back into the ordinary B form.
 
===Ìṣeméjì ìpílẹ̀===
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