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Ìlà 1: [[~~File~~Fáìlì:Standard Model of Elementary Particles.svg\|thumb\|300px\|[[Standard Model\|Afijuwe Olopagun]] awon eruku alapilese, pelu awon bosoni afiwon ni orila-anaro to gbeyin]] Ninu [[particle physics\|fisiksi eleruku]], '''awon bosoni''' ({{IPAc-en\|icon\|ˈ\|b\|oʊ\|s\|ɒ\|n}}<ref>{{cite book \|title=Longman pronunciation dictionary Ìlà 14: \| publisher = Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary \| accessdate = 2010-03-21 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-18708741\|title=BBC News - Higgs boson: The poetry of subatomic particles\|date=4 July 2012\|work=[[BBC Online]]\|accessdate=6 July 2012}}</ref> Ninu awon Bosoni ni [[Higgs boson\|bosoni Higgs]] (s=0), awon [[meson~~\|mesoni~~]]i (s=0,1), [[graviton\|grafitoni]] aladalaba (s=2), iyewu adurosinsin [[mass number\|nomba akojo]] didogba (f.a., [[deuterium]], [[helium-4]], [[lead-208]])<ref group = "Akiyesi">Even-mass-number nuclides, which comprise 152/255 = ~ 60% of all stable nuclides, are [[boson]]s, i.e. they have integer[[Spin (physics)\|spin]]. Almost all (148 of the 152) are even-proton, even-neutron (EE) nuclides, which necessarily have spin 0 because of pairing. The remainder of the stable bosonic nuclides are 5 odd-proton, odd-neutron stable nuclides (see [[isotope]] under "odd proton-odd proton nuclei"); these odd-odd bosons are: {{Nuclide2\|Hydrogen\|2\|link=yes}}, {{Nuclide2\|Lithium\|6\|link=yes}},{{Nuclide2\|Boron\|10\|link=yes}}, {{Nuclide2\|Nitrogen\|14\|link=yes}} and [[Tantalum-180m\|{{Nuclide2\|Tantalum\|180\|m}}]]). All have nonzero integer spin.</ref> ati awon aruku to pondandan lati se papa [[quantum field theory\|arojinle papa oniyebintin]] bi awon [[photon\|fotoni]], awon [[gluon~~\|gluoni~~]]i, at.b.b.lo. Awon bosoni yato gidigidi si awon eka eruku inu atomu ti a mo si [[fermion~~\|fermioni~~]]i nibi pe ko si opin si iye to le wa ni [[quantum state\|aye oniyebintin]] kanna. Iwa yi, fun apere, lo unfa ini pataki helium-4 nigba to ba je titutu de [[superfluid]].<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/boson \| title = boson Ìlà 21: }}</ref> == Awon ini bosoni == Bosons contrast with fermions, which obey [[Fermi–Dirac statistics]]. Two or more fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state (see [[Pauli exclusion principle]]). Ìlà 37: Composite bosons are important in [[superfluidity]] and other applications of [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]s. == Itumo ati ini pataki == By definition, bosons are particles which obey Bose–Einstein statistics: when one swaps two bosons, the [[wavefunction]] of the system is unchanged.<ref>Srednicki (2007), pages 28-29</ref> Fermions, on the other hand, obey Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle: two fermions cannot occupy the same [[quantum state]], resulting in a "rigidity" or "stiffness" of matter which includes fermions. Thus fermions are sometimes said to be the constituents of matter, while bosons are said to be the particles that transmit interactions (force carriers), or the constituents of [[radiation]]. The [[quantum field]]s of bosons are [[bosonic field]]s, obeying [[canonical commutation relation]]s. Ìlà 47: In large systems, the difference between bosonic and fermionic statistics is only apparent at large densities—when their wave functions overlap. At low densities, both types of statistics are well approximated by [[Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics]], which is described by [[classical mechanics]]. == Elementary bosons == {{see also\|List of particles#Bosons}} Ìlà 55: == Akiyesi == {{Reflist\|group=Akiyesi}} == Itokasi == {{Reflist}} {{Àwọn eruku físíksi}} Ìlà 64: [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn àtúmọ̀ apilẹ̀sẹ̀ físíksì]] [[ar:بوزون]] [[as:ব'ছন]] [[ast:Bosón]] [[bg:Бозон]] [[bn:বোসন]] [[bs:Bozon]] [[ca:Bosó]] [[cs:Boson]] [[de:Boson]] [[el:Μποζόνιο]] [[en:Boson]] [[eo:Bosono]] [[es:Bosón]] [[et:Bosonid]] [[eu:Bosoi]] [[fa:بوزون]] [[fi:Bosoni]] [[fr:Boson]] [[ga:Bósón]] [[gl:Bosón]] [[he:בוזון]] [[hi:बोसॉन]] [[hr:Bozoni]] [[hu:Bozon]] [[hy:Բոզոն]] [[id:Boson]] [[is:Bóseind]] [[it:Bosone (fisica)]] [[ja:ボース粒子]] [[kk:Бозон]] [[ko:보손]] [[la:Boson]] [[lt:Bozonas]] [[lv:Bozoni]] [[mk:Бозон]] [[ml:ബോസോൺ]] [[mn:Бозон]] [[ms:Boson]] [[nds:Boson]] [[nl:Boson (deeltje)]] [[nn:Boson]] [[no:Boson]] [[pl:Bozon]] [[pnb:بوسون]] [[pt:Bóson]] [[ro:Boson]] [[ru:Бозон]] [[sh:Bozon]] [[simple:Boson]] [[sk:Bozón]] [[sl:Bozon]] [[sr:Бозони]] [[su:Boson]] [[sv:Boson]] [[szl:Bozůn]] [[th:โบซอน]] [[tl:Boson]] [[tr:Bozon]] [[uk:Бозон]] [[ur:بوسون]] [[uz:Bozon]] [[vi:Boson]] [[war:Boson]] [[zh:玻色子]]

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