Bight ti Biafra
Bight ti Biafra (Atun ma n pe ni Bight ti Bonny ni órilẹ ede Naijiria) jẹ bight to wa ni ìwọ oòrùn aringbungbun etikun ilẹ́ afrika ni ila-oorun gulf ti orilẹ ede Guinea[1].
Àgbègbè àtúnṣe
Bight ti Biafra, tabi Mafra (orukọ ilu Mafra ni southern Portugal), larin Capes Formosa ati Lopez, jẹ ila-oorun ti Gulf ti ilẹ Guinea; o kun fun erekusu Bioko [Equatorial Guinea], São Tomé ati Príncipe[2]. Orukọ Biafra ta fi pilẹ ilu naa ni ko ni itumọ mọ ni igba diẹ lẹyin 19th century. Map ti ọdun 1710 map jẹ koyewa pẹ ibi ti a mọ si "Biafra" wa ni órilẹ ede Cameroon[3].
Bight ti Biafra yasi ila-oorun lati River Delta ti Niger ni apa ariwa tofi de Cape Lopez ni Gabon[4].Ni ẹgbẹ Odo ti Niger, awọn odo yoku to de bay ni odo ti Cross, odo ti Calabar, Ndian, Wouri, Sanaga, Odo ti Nyong, Ntem, Mbia, Mbini, Muni ati Odo ti Komo[5].
Awọn etikun to wa ni Bay ni Bioko ati Príncipe; awọn etikun to tun pataki ni Ilhéu Bom Bom, Ilhéu Caroço, Elobey Grande ati Elobey Chico. Awọn orilẹ ede to tun wa ni Bight ti Biafra ni Cameroon, the eastern ti ilẹ Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko Island ati Rio Muni) pẹlu Gabon[6].
Itan àtúnṣe
Bight ti ilẹ afrika ṣè agbatẹru 10.7% ti awọn ti wọn ko lẹru ti wọn si kolọ si ilẹ America lati ọdun 1519-1700. Larin ọdun 1701-1800 awọn ẹru naa lẹkun si pẹlu 14.97%. Lara awọn nkan ti wọn ji lati Bight ti Biafra ni Bamileke, Igbo, Tikar, Bakossi, Fang, Massa, Bubi ati bẹẹbẹ lọ. Awọn ti ọmọ ilẹ afrika ti wọn kọ lẹru di ọmọ ilẹ oke okun ti wọn si ta wọ ni ilẹ Virginia. Ilẹ Virginia ati agbegbe rẹ ko ẹru to le ni ọgbọn ni ọna ẹgbẹrun. Awọn ẹru ilẹ cameroon ni a ma nta lọpọ tori pẹ wọn gba ki wọn ku ju ki wọn kowọn lẹru lọ. Ni arin century ti meji dinlogun, Bonny di agbatẹrun ibi ti a tin ṣẹ owo ẹru tita to si tayọ ala si awọn oko ẹru tẹlẹri ni Elem Kalabari Larin ọdun 1525 ati 1859, Britain ṣè akoso two-thirds awọn ẹru to wa lati Bight of Biafra[7].
Ni óṣu August, Ọdun 1861, Bight ti Biafra ati agbegbe Bight ti ilẹ́ Benin (lori akoso ilẹ British consuls) di united British consulate, labẹ́ akoso British consuls:
- Ọdun 1861—Óṣu December, Ọdun 1864: Richard Francis Burton
- Óṣu December, Ọdun 1864—1873: Charles Livingstone
- Ọdun 1873—1878: George Hartley
- Ọdun 1878—13 September 1879: David Hopkins
- Ọjọ kẹta, Óṣu September, Ọdun 1879—5 June 1885: Edward Hyde Hewett.
Ni ọdun 1967, the Eastern Region of Nigeria yọ ara wọn kuro ni ilẹ naijiria ti wọn si yọ orukọ lati etikun Bight ti Biafra,lati ọminira tuntun ti Republic of Biafra. Ominira naa jẹ oniti kukuru nigba ti ipinlẹ tuntun naa tuka si ija ogun abẹle ti ilẹ naijiria[8]. Ni ọdun 1975, Ijọba Orilẹ ede Naijiria so órukọ Bight ti Biafra di Bight ti Bonny[9].
Oluṣowo Ẹ́ru àtúnṣe
- Daniel Backhouse
- George Case
- William Boats
- William Davenport
- John Shaw
- Samuel Shaw
Itọkasi àtúnṣe
- ↑ "Bight of Biafra". Slavery and Remembrance. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
- ↑ "Biafra, Bight of". InfoPlease. 2017-01-24. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
- ↑ "Evoluton Map of Africa". Princeton University Library. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
- ↑ "HISTORY: BIGHT OF BIAFRA". Honesty News. 2018-09-05. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
- ↑ "What to know about the Gulf of Biafra with It's History.". Opera News. 2020-03-26. Archived from the original on 2023-08-24. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
- ↑ "Bight of Biafra Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea". Encyclopedia Britannica. 1998-07-20. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
- ↑ "The Slave Coast and the Bight of Biafra". Whitney Plantation. 2018-07-30. Archived from the original on 2023-08-24. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
- ↑ Sunday, Nwafor (2017-06-15). "Why there was Civil war and continuous cry of Biafrans – Ben Bruce". Vanguard News. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
- ↑ "Bight of Bonny Act". Archived from the original on 2023-08-24. Retrieved 2023-08-24.