Erosion Surface (Ogbara dada)

Ninu ẹkọ nipa ẹkọ nipa ẹkọ nipa ilẹ-aye ati geomorphology, ilẹ ogbara jẹ dada ti apata tabi regolith ti a ṣẹda nipasẹ ogbara^[1] kii ṣe nipasẹ ikole (fun apẹẹrẹ awọn ṣiṣan lava, ifisilẹ erofo^[1] ) tabi iṣipopada aṣiṣe . Erosional roboto laarin awọn stratigraphic gba ti wa ni mo bi unconformities, sugbon ko gbogbo unconformities ti wa ni sin ogbara roboto. Awọn ipele ogbara yatọ ni iwọn ati pe o le ṣe agbekalẹ lori oke oke tabi apata. ^[2] Ni pataki awọn aaye ogbara nla ati alapin gba awọn orukọ ti peneplain, paleoplain, planation dada tabi pediplain . Ohun apẹẹrẹ ti ogbara dada ni opopona ogbara ogbara eyi ti o ṣẹlẹ nipasẹ adayeba ki o si anthropogenic ifosiwewe. Ilẹ ogbara le ṣe iwọn nipasẹ taara, awọn ọna wiwọn olubasọrọ ati aiṣe-taara, awọn ọna wiwọn ti kii ṣe olubasọrọ.

Ogbo oju opopona

Gẹgẹ bi awọn oke-nla ati awọn apata, ogbara tun le waye lori awọn opopona ti ko ni idi nitori awọn nkan adayeba ati anthropogenic . Ogbara oju opopona le fa nipasẹ yinyin, ojo ati afẹfẹ.^[3] Ohun elo ati eefun ti oju opopona, ite opopona, ijabọ, ikole, ati itọju tun le ni ipa lori oṣuwọn ogbara oju opopona. Lakoko igba otutu, ideri yinyin fa fifalẹ oṣuwọn ogbara nipa idilọwọ awọn olubasọrọ taara laarin omi ojo ati oju opopona. Fun apẹẹrẹ, ni awọn oke-nla ti Idaho, AMẸRIKA, isubu snow nfa o kere ju 10% lakoko ti ojo ojo fa ida 90% ti iṣelọpọ erofo lododun lori oju opopona.^[4] Ni afikun si awọn ifosiwewe adayeba, iwọn-ọja ti o ga julọ tun le yara awọn oṣuwọn ogbara ni opopona. Ija ti o ṣẹlẹ nipasẹ awọn ọkọ gbigbe le ja si fifun pa ati abrasion, nitorinaa fọ awọn patikulu isokuso lori oju opopona. Ite oke jẹ ifosiwewe pataki miiran ninu ogbara dada - awọn ọna ti o ga julọ maa n ni awọn oṣuwọn ogbara ti o ga julọ.

Wiwọn ti ogbara dada

Awọn ọna meji lo wa lati wiwọn oṣuwọn ti iyipada oju: taara, awọn ọna wiwọn olubasọrọ ati aiṣe-taara, awọn ọna wiwọn ti kii ṣe olubasọrọ.^[5] Wọn le ṣe wiwọn wọnyi fun awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti apata tabi fun awọn oriṣi apata. Oṣuwọn ipadasẹhin dada apata ni a le wọn nipasẹ lilo awọn aaye itọkasi tabi awọn ọkọ ofurufu itọkasi ati wiwọn aaye laarin awọn aaye ati ọkọ ofurufu ni awọn ọdun. Oṣuwọn ogbara dada apata tun le ṣe iwọn lilo Mita Ibapapọ (MEM). Ohun elo onigun mẹta yii ni a gbe sori awọn studs mẹta ti o wa titi lailai sinu dada apata lati pese aaye wiwọn kan. Ifaagun ti iwadii lẹhinna lo lati wiwọn ogbara. Aiṣe-taara, awọn ọna wiwọn ti kii ṣe olubasọrọ pẹlu ṣiṣayẹwo laser ati fọtoyiya oni nọmba.^[6] Lakoko ti ọlọjẹ laser nilo ọpọlọpọ alamọja ati ohun elo gbowolori, tun fọtoyiya ati fọtoyiya oni nọmba tun le ṣee lo lati gba data fun awọn oniwadi pẹlu isuna ti o kere pupọ.

Awọn itọkasi

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/erosionsyta
↑ Toy, Terrence J.. Soil erosion : processes, prediction, measurement, and control. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
↑ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17588646/
↑ https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0012-8252
↑ https://research.edgehill.ac.uk/en/publications/b167768b-fc7e-4352-9d87-ce9b1c1e29b3
↑ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0341816205002031?via%3Dihub

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/erosionsyta

[2] Toy, Terrence J.. Soil erosion : processes, prediction, measurement, and control. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

[3] ttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17588646/

[4] ttps://www.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0012-8252

[5] ttps://research.edgehill.ac.uk/en/publications/b167768b-fc7e-4352-9d87-ce9b1c1e29b3

[6] ttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0341816205002031?via%3Dihub

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