Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Al-Fulani Al-Kishwani

Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Fulani al-Kishnawi jẹ́ gbajúgbajà onímọ̀ Fúlàní, onímọ̀ ìṣirò, awòràwọ̀, onímọ̀ nínú èdè Lárúbáwá àti amọ̀fin ní sẹ́ńtúrì kejìdínlógún. Ipinle Katsina, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ló ti wá.

Al-Kishnawi kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Gobarau Minaret ní Katsina, kí ó tó kúrò ní Cairo, Egypt ní ọdún 1732, níbi tí ó ti ṣàgbéjáde iṣẹ́ kan nínú èdẹ̀ lárúbáwá, àkọ́lé ìwé náà sì ni "A Treatise on the Magical Use of the Letters of the Alphabet", èyí tó jẹ́ iṣẹ́ lórí ìmọ̀ ìṣirò.

Ayé rẹ̀

Muhammad al-Kishnawi jẹ́ ọ̀mọ̀wé Fulani, tí wọ́n bí ní Dan Rako ní Katsina. Dan Rakotún gbajúmọ̀ fún àwọn ìṣe rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àọn olówò Wangara tí wọ́n wá láti Mali, tí wọ́n ti ṣèdásílẹ̀ ìfarahàn wọn ní agbègbè náà. Inú ìdílé Mùsùlumí ni wọ́n bi sí, ó sì kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ nípa ẹ̀sìn àti ìwé ẹ̀sìn náà, èyí tí í ṣe Kùránì. Lára àwọn olùkọ́ rẹ̀ ni Muhamamd al-Wali al-Burnawi, ẹni tó jẹ́ gbajúgbajà onímọ̀ láti Kanem-Bornu, Muhammad Fudi, tó jẹ́ bàbá Usman dan Fodio, àti Muhammad al-Bindu "Booro Binndi", ẹni tó tún jé gbajúgbajà onímọ̀ láti Kanem-Bornu. Ó di gbajúmọ̀ ní ilẹ̀ Hausa àti Bornu, ó sì fa ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ mọ́ra.

Nígbà kan, síwájú ọdún 1730, ó kúrò ní ìlú Katsina láti rin ìrìn-àjò ẹ̀mí lọ sí Hijaz. Ó kọ pé:

When the Deliverer of Destiny and Sempiternal Will delivered me, and the

Usher of Divine Mercy ushered me to visit His good Prophet, upon him be the best

of prayers and most devoted salutations, and to perform the pilgrimage of His holy

sanctified House, I stayed there for some time and grew through these prayers...

[and] spent of my duty to thank Him, the Gracious for variegating an areborerum

for me, a small utterance [shaʿrat lisānan] indeed for that greatest of graces [niʿam]

that He has bestowed upon me….

The journey to Mecca was arduous, and it was common for West African pilgrims to take breaks in Cairo before continuing their journey. This was a practice observed by notable figures like Mansa Musa, the famous Malian king, during his pilgrimage in the 14th century. Following a similar route, al-Kishnawi also stopped in Cairo before proceeding to Mecca and eventually settling in Medina.

During his time in the Hijaz, al-Kishnawi had the opportunity to meet and learn from scholars from various parts of the Islamic world. Around the years 1733-1734, he relocated to Cairo, where he found accommodation near Al-Azhar University. He dedicated himself to writing, and during his first four years in Cairo, he completed several notable works, including Al-Durr al-manẓūm, Bahjat al-āfāq, Bulūgh al-arab, and Durar al-yawāqī.

Al-Kishnawi became famous in Egypt, later becoming the teacher of Hassan al-Jabarti, the father of the renowned Egyptian historian Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti. Abd al-Rahman writes that his father “learned the art of numerical and literal magic squares and the art of fractions” from al-Kishnawi.

In 1741, Al-Kishnawi died at the age of 42 in the home of Hassan al-Jabarti in Cairo. He was buried in the Hall of Scholars in Cairo.

Lára àwọn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀

Púpọ̀ nínú àwon iṣẹ́ rè wà ní al-Azhar Library ní Cairo. Wọ́n sì fi díẹ̀ pamọ́ sí Dar al-kutub, òmíràn sì wà ní ìlú Morocco, Nàìjíríà àti London.Ó kọ ìwé fún àwon olùkà rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí i ọ̀rọ̀ ìṣítí pé:

Do not give up, for that is ignorance and not according to the rules of this art ... Like the lover, you cannot hope to achieve success without infinite perseverance.

Lára àwon iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ni:

• Bulūgh al-arab min kalām al-ʿarab: iṣẹ́ lórí gírámà Lárúbáwá láti ọdún 1736-7.
• Bughyat al-mawālī fī tarjamat Muḥammad al-Wālī: ìwé nípa ìgbésí ayé Muhamamd al-Wali al-Burnawi (ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùkọ́ rẹ̀).
• Manḥ al-quddū: ewì lórí ọpọlọ orí tó fà yọ láti inú Mukhtaṣar ti al-Sanūsī.
• Izālat al-‘ubū ‘an wajh minaḥ al-quddūs: ìwé lóri Mukhtaṣar ti al-Sanūsī.
• Ìwé lórí Kitāb al-durr wa’l-tiryāq fī ‘ilm al-awfāq láti ọwọ́ Abd al-Rahman al-Jurjanī on the science of letters and the great names of God, completed on 6 September 1734.
• Three treatises on Durar al-yawāqīt fī ‘ilm al-ḥurūf wa’l asmā’.
• Mughnī al-mawāfī ‘an jamī‘ al-khawāf: a numerological work on the magic square completed on 29 January 1733.
• Al-Durr al-manẓūm wa khulāṣat al-sirr al-maktūm fī ‘ilm al-ṭalāsim wa’l-nujūm: his famous commentary on the three domains of the "secret sciences", completed on 20 December 1733.