Bósónì: Ìyàtọ̀ láàrin àwọn àtúnyẹ̀wò

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| publisher = Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary
| accessdate = 2010-03-21
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-18708741|title=BBC News - Higgs boson: The poetry of subatomic particles|date=4 July 2012|work=[[BBC Online]]|accessdate=6 July 2012}}</ref> Ninu awon Bosoni ni [[Higgs boson|bosoni Higgs]] (s=0), awon [[meson|mesoni]] (s=0,1), [[graviton|grafitoni]] aladalaba (s=2), iyewu adurosinsin even [[mass number|nomba akojo]] adogbadidogba (f.a., [[deuterium]], [[helium-4]], [[lead-208]])<ref group = "NoteAkiyesi">Even-mass-number nuclides, which comprise 152/255 = ~ 60% of all stable nuclides, are [[boson]]s, i.e. they have integer[[Spin (physics)|spin]]. Almost all (148 of the 152) are even-proton, even-neutron (EE) nuclides, which necessarily have spin 0 because of pairing. The remainder of the stable bosonic nuclides are 5 odd-proton, odd-neutron stable nuclides (see [[isotope]] under "odd proton-odd proton nuclei"); these odd-odd bosons are: {{Nuclide2|Hydrogen|2|link=yes}}, {{Nuclide2|Lithium|6|link=yes}},{{Nuclide2|Boron|10|link=yes}}, {{Nuclide2|Nitrogen|14|link=yes}} and [[Tantalum-180m|{{Nuclide2|Tantalum|180|m}}]]). All have nonzero integer spin.</ref> and theati particlesawon requiredaruku to embodypondandan thelati fieldsse ofpapa [[quantum field theory|arojinle papa oniyebintin]] likebi awon [[photon|fotoni]]s, awon [[gluon|gluoni]]s, etcat.b.b.lo. BosonsAwon differbosoni significantlyyato fromgidigidi asi groupawon ofeka subatomiceruku particlesinu knownatomu asti a mo si [[fermionsfermion|fermioni]] innibi thatpe thereko issi noopin limitsi iye to thele numberwa that can occupy the sameni [[quantum state|aye oniyebintin]] kanna. ThisIwa behaviour gives riseyi, forfun exampleapere, tolo theunfa remarkableini properties ofpataki helium-4 whennigba itto isba cooledje totitutu become ade [[superfluid]].<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/boson
| title = boson
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}}</ref>
 
==PropertiesAwon ofini bosonsbosoni==
Bosons contrast with fermions, which obey [[Fermi–Dirac statistics]]. Two or more fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state (see [[Pauli exclusion principle]]).
 
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Composite bosons are important in [[superfluidity]] and other applications of [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]s.
 
==Itumo ati ini pataki==
==Definition and basic properties==
By definition, bosons are particles which obey Bose–Einstein statistics: when one swaps two bosons, the [[wavefunction]] of the system is unchanged.<ref>Srednicki (2007), pages 28-29</ref> Fermions, on the other hand, obey Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle: two fermions cannot occupy the same [[quantum state]], resulting in a "rigidity" or "stiffness" of matter which includes fermions. Thus fermions are sometimes said to be the constituents of matter, while bosons are said to be the particles that transmit interactions (force carriers), or the constituents of [[radiation]]. The [[quantum field]]s of bosons are [[bosonic field]]s, obeying [[canonical commutation relation]]s.
 
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== Akiyesi ==
{{Reflist|group=NoteAkiyesi}}
==Itokasi==
{{Reflist}}
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