Historic Quarter of the City of Colonia del Sacramento
Colonia del Sacramento (Spanish: [koˈlonja ðel sakɾaˈmento] (
listen); Pọrtugí: Colónia do Sacramento) jẹ ilu ni apa guusu iwọ-oorun Uruguay, ni ẹgbẹ Río de la Plata, ti ọ kọjú si Buenos Aires, Argentina. O jẹ ọkan ninu awọn ilu Atijọ julọ ni Uruguay ati olu-ilu nígbà aye ijọba amunisin. Awon ti o wa ni ilu jẹ ẹgba mẹtadinlọgbọn. Awon ibi itan rẹ jẹ í bi ti àjọ
Colonia del Sacramento Pọrtugí: Colónia do Sacramento | |
|---|---|
Capital city | |
 | |
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| Coordinates: 34°28′17″S 57°50′39″W / 34.47139°S 57.84417°WCoordinates: 34°28′17″S 57°50′39″W / 34.47139°S 57.84417°W | |
| Country |  Uruguay |
| Department | Àdàkọ:Country data Colonia |
| Founded | 1680 |
| Founded by | Manuel Lobo |
| Elevation | 27 m (89 ft) |
| Population (2011 Census) | |
| • Total | 26,231 |
| Time zone | UTC -3 |
| Postal code | 70000 |
| Dial plan | +598 452 (+5 digits) |
| Climate | Cfa |
| Website | https://www.colonia.gub.uy/ |
| Àdàkọ:Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
UNESCO World Heritage Site.[1] Ayé igbalode ti Colonia del Sacramento ṣe agbejade awọn aṣọ ati pe o ni agbegbe iṣowo ọfẹ, ni afikun si ile-iṣẹ imọ-ẹrọ ati ọpọlọpọ awọn ile ijọba.
Ìtàn àtúnṣe
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Lẹ́yìn ìmúpadàbọ̀sípò ade ilẹ̀ Potogí, Ọba Peter Kejì wá iyọnju sí ààlà gúúsù Brazil.Lobo pẹ̀lú ọkọ̀ ojú omi márùn-ún tí ó ní nǹkan bí 400 ọmọ ogun, àwọn oníṣẹ́ ọnà, àwọn gbẹ́nàgbẹ́nà àti àwọn agé òkúta, àti ìbọn 18, dé erékùṣù San Gabrieli [Àdàkọ:Separated entries] ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù kíní ọdún 1680. San Gabriel Island Ni ọjọ 28 Oṣu Kini, wọn bẹrẹ lati ṣètò fún igbekale agbo ogun.[2]
José de Garro rán amí lati Santo Domingo de Soriano ni ọjọ 22 Kínní 1680, lẹhin gbigba esi odi ni ọjọ 10 Kínní si ipari rẹ lati lọ kuro ni aaye naa. Garro ran awọn ọmọ ogun 3,400 kan labẹ aṣẹ ti Antonio de Vera Mujica, ti o gba ilu ti a yika ni alẹ ọjọ 6-7 Oṣu Kẹjọ ọdun 1680. Lobo ni a mu bi ẹlẹwọn si Buenos Aires, nibiti ti ò ti ku ni ọjọ 7 Oṣu Kini ọdun 1683. Adehun ti Spain ati Portugal fowo si ni 1681 da Colonia pada si Portugal.[2]:105-106,109
Gẹgẹbi abajade ti Ogun ti Aṣeyọri Ilu Sipeeni, gomina ti Buenos Aires, Valdes Incian, bẹrẹ Idoti ti Colonia del Sacramento. Awọn ologun ti gomina Spain ni aṣẹ nipasẹ Baltazar García Ros lati ọjọ 18 Oṣu Kẹwa Ọdun 1704 titi di ọjọ 14 Oṣu Kẹta Ọdun 1705, nigbati awọn ọkọ oju-omi Pọtugali ti yọ awọn olutẹsin kuro. Awọn ijọsin ati awọn Afara nikan ni a ko parun. 14 Oṣu Kẹta Ọdun 1705, nigbati awọn ọkọ oju-omi Pọtugali ti yọ awọn olutẹsin kuro. Awọn ijọsin ati awọn Afara nikan ni a ko parun.[2]:135-136,142
The colony was given back to Portugal in the Treaty of Utrecht. Manuel Gomes Barbosa took possession on 10 February 1718 with 1,040 colonists. More colonists arrived in 1721. Antonio Pedro de Vasconcellos took over as governor on 14 March 1722 and transformed it into the richest and best defended city in the Rio de la Plata region. This included the coastal bastions of São Pedro de Alcântara, São Miguel, Santo António, São João, Carmo, and Santa Rita.[2]:147-160,166,169
Another attack during the Spanish-Portuguese War, 1735-1737, failed. Don Luis Garcia de Bivar took over as governor in 1749, but died on 5 March 1760. During that time, the Treaty of Madrid (13 January 1750) was never complied with and finally considered null and void. Brigadier Vicente da Silva da Fonseca then took over as governor. Fonseca was forced to surrender the colony to Pedro Antonio de Cevallos on 11 October 1762. Spain returned the colony in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau, and Dom José Pedro de Figueiredo Sarmento took over as governor on 27 December 1763. He was replaced by Francisco José da Rocha on 15 March 1777.[2]:170-175,177-178,187,195,202-203
With the Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1777, the colony became a Spanish possession once more.[2]:206-207
It then transferred to Portuguese control again, being later incorporated into Brazil after 1816, when the entire Banda Oriental (Uruguay) was seized by the government of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves and renamed the Cisplatina province.
On 10 January 1809, before the independence of Uruguay, it was designated as a "Villa" ("town" in 19th century Portuguese) and has since been elevated to the status of "Ciudad" ("city" in Spanish).
Since independence, Colonia del Sacramento has expanded to the north and east, but the original Bairro Histórico (historic quarter in Portuguese or Barrio Histórico, current Spanish spelling) retains its irregular, terrain-fitting street plan built by the Portuguese, contrasting with the wider, orthogonal calles in the newer Spanish area.
Timeline of rule àtúnṣe
The rule from 1680 to present (with flag of the period) is:
| From | To | Rule | Reason for Handover |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1680 | 1680 | .svg){kind=small} Portugal |
conquered by José de Garro |
| 1680 | 1681 |  Spain |
treaty between Spain and Portugal |
| 1681 | 1705 | Portugal |
conquered in the War of Spanish Succession |
| 1705 | 1713 |  Spain |
Treaty of Utrecht |
| 1714 | 1762 | .svg){kind=small} Portugal |
First Cevallos expedition |
| 1762 | 1763 | Spain |
Treaty of Paris (1763) |
| 1763 | 1777 | Portugal |
Second Cevallos expedition |
| 1777 | 1811 | .svg){kind=small} Spain |
Revolt led by José Gervasio Artigas |
| 1811 | 1817 |  Liga Federal |
Portuguese conquest |
| 1817 | 1822 |  United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves |
Brazilian Declaration of Independence |
| 1822 | 1828 | .svg){kind=small} Brazil |
Cisplatine War |
| 1828 | present |  Uruguay |
Population àtúnṣe
In 2011 Colonia del Sacramento had a population of 26,231.[3]
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1908 | 8,021 |
| 1963 | 12,846 |
| 1975 | 17,046 |
| 1985 | 19,102 |
| 1996 | 22,200 |
| 2004 | 21,714 |
| 2011 | 26,231 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay[4]
Climate àtúnṣe
Colonia del Sacramento has a mild humid subtropical climate, described by the Köppen climate classification as Cfa. Summers are warm and winters are cool, with relatively frequent frosts and fog. The precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year, with an average of 1,039 mm (40.91 in), and the annual average temperature is 17 °C (63 °F).
| Dátà ojúọjọ́ fún Colonia del Sacramento , Uruguay (1980–2009) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Osù | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Ọdún |
| Iye tógajùlọ °C (°F) | 39.6 (103.3) |
35.8 (96.4) |
34.9 (94.8) |
31.6 (88.9) |
30.9 (87.6) |
25.8 (78.4) |
30.6 (87.1) |
28.8 (83.8) |
30.6 (87.1) |
32.8 (91) |
36.4 (97.5) |
38.0 (100.4) |
39.6 (103.3) |
| Iye àmúpín tógajùlọ °C (°F) | 28.6 (83.5) |
27.1 (80.8) |
25.7 (78.3) |
22.0 (71.6) |
18.4 (65.1) |
14.9 (58.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
16.6 (61.9) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.4 (70.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
27.0 (80.6) |
21.5 (70.7) |
| Iye àmúpín ojojúmọ́ °C (°F) | 23.8 (74.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
18.2 (64.8) |
14.9 (58.8) |
11.8 (53.2) |
11.1 (52) |
12.7 (54.9) |
14.1 (57.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
19.6 (67.3) |
22.2 (72) |
17.5 (63.5) |
| Iye àmúpín tókéréjùlọ °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) |
18.6 (65.5) |
17.4 (63.3) |
14.3 (57.7) |
11.4 (52.5) |
8.7 (47.7) |
7.8 (46) |
8.9 (48) |
10.1 (50.2) |
12.9 (55.2) |
15.1 (59.2) |
17.4 (63.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
| Iye tókéréjùlọ °C (°F) | 10.1 (50.2) |
10.3 (50.5) |
8.1 (46.6) |
5.1 (41.2) |
0.2 (32.4) |
0.0 (32) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
0.4 (32.7) |
1.5 (34.7) |
4.7 (40.5) |
4.1 (39.4) |
8.8 (47.8) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 101.3 (3.988) |
102.2 (4.024) |
134.0 (5.276) |
110.6 (4.354) |
89.5 (3.524) |
67.9 (2.673) |
65.3 (2.571) |
76.7 (3.02) |
72.8 (2.866) |
111.6 (4.394) |
112.6 (4.433) |
100.8 (3.969) |
1,145.4 (45.094) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 70 |
| Iye àmúpín ìrì-omi (%) | 66 | 70 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 77 | 76 | 73 | 71 | 71 | 68 | 66 | 72 |
| Iye àmúpín wákàtí ìràn òrùn lósooòsù | 288.3 | 237.3 | 235.6 | 180.0 | 167.4 | 132.0 | 151.9 | 179.8 | 198.0 | 223.2 | 240.0 | 272.8 | 2,506.3 |
| Iye àmúpín wákàtí ìràn òrùn lójoojúmọ́ | 9.3 | 8.4 | 7.6 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 6.6 | 7.2 | 8.0 | 8.8 | 6.8 |
| Source #1: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria[5] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Dirección Nacional de Meteorología[6] | |||||||||||||
Urban fabric àtúnṣe
The city was developed on a peninsula that protrudes into the Río de la Plata. The 16 hectare "Barrio Histórico", or Portuguese Old City, was enclosed by a fortification wall across the peninsula in the site of present-day Calle Ituzaingó. Most of the fortification wall was removed in 1777 and some remaining parts again in 1859. The Portuguese part of the city has an irregular street network.
Outside the wall, the historical part of the city was planned in Spanish colonial style and in the characteristic checkerboard layout.
Sport àtúnṣe
The local professional football team is Plaza Colonia, founded in 1917, playing at the Estadio Profesor Alberto Suppici.
They won the 2016 Clausura, their biggest success to date.
Deportivo Colonia founded in 1999 lost its professional status in 2007. They play at the Estadio Miguel Campomar.
Club Atlético Plaza has futsal, volleyball and basketball sections, as well as a football section based at Estadio Néstor Naviliat.
The town's Plaza de toros Real de San Carlos is a disused bullring.
Points of interest àtúnṣe
The Barrio Histórico (historic quarter) section of Colonia del Sacramento is designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. It has some cobblestone streets built by the Portuguese in the 17th century, and is within walking distance of the town's ferry terminal. Among the tourist attractions around the tree-lined Plaza Mayor (main square) are:
- Portón de Campo – the City Gate and wooden drawbridge
- Lighthouse and convent ruins of the 17th-century Convent of San Francisco
- Basílica del Santísimo Sacramento – the Basilica of the Holy Sacrament, built of stone by the Portuguese in 1808
- Portuguese Museum – constructed in the 18th century, it exhibits Portuguese furnishings, jewelry, uniforms and old maps of Portuguese naval expeditions
- Casa de Nacarello – an 18th-century Portuguese house
- Municipal Museum – rebuilt by the Spanish in 1835 as the Casa del Almirante Brown, it exhibits artifacts and documents of the city's different periods and cultures
- Viceroy's House – the Casa del Virrey, reconstructed from the original ruins
- Plaza de toros Real de San Carlos, a Bullring included in an old tourist complex now abandoned.
Gallery àtúnṣe
- Views of the Barrio Histórico
-
The Portuguese led attack on Nova Colonia, 6 January 1763 -
Map of the Old City in ceramic tiles
-
View of the historic district from the top of the lighthouse
-
Portón de Campo, the City Gate -
Lighthouse at Colonia del Sacramento
-
Calle San Pedro, a typical street in the historic district -
The 1866 Wharf of Colonia -
The water front -
Old car parked on Calle Real in the historic district -
Night at the historic quarter district - "Misiones de los Tapes" Street -
The Buquebus seen from the Paseo San Gabriel -
Restaurant on a corner -
Wall art in Colonia del Sacramento -
Remains of Portuguese Azulejo
Transportation àtúnṣe
Colonia del Sacramento is served by three ferry boat lines from Buenos Aires, Argentina: "Buquebus", "Seacat Colonia" and "Colonia Express".
Two principal highways end in Colonia: Route 1 connects Colonia to Montevideo and points east; Route 21 connects to points north, including the Aarón de Anchorena National Park, 30 kilometres (19 mi) distant, and Fray Bentos. There is also a local airport for small planes. There is a project in process to lengthen the runway and begin commercial flights to Buenos Aires (this was done in the past) and other cities within Uruguay.
The city is served by Laguna de los Patos International Airport located 6 kilometres (4 mi) from Colonia along Route 1.
Consular representation àtúnṣe
Argentina and Portugal both maintain a consulate in Colonia del Sacramento.
Twin towns – sister cities àtúnṣe
See also àtúnṣe
Bibliography àtúnṣe
- Assunção, Fernando O.; Cravotto, Antonio (1996). Colonia del Sacramento, patrimonio mundial. Montevideo: UNESCO. (with prologue by Federico Mayor Zaragoza and introduction by Marta Canessa de Sanguinetti) Àdàkọ:In lang
References àtúnṣe
- ↑ "21 World Heritage Sites you have probably never heard of". The Daily Telegraph (London). https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/10999939/21-World-Heritage-Sites-you-have-probably-never-heard-of.html.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Mayor, Federico; de Sanguinetti, Marta Canessa; Assuncao, Fernando; Cravotto, Antonio (1996). Colonia del Sacramento. UNESCO. pp. 88,93,98–103. ISBN 9230032956.
- ↑ "Censos 2011 Cuadros Colonia". INE. 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
- ↑ "Statistics of urban localities (1963–2004)" (PDF). INE. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-11-13. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
- ↑ Castaño, José; Giménez, Agustín; Ceroni, Mauricio; Furest, José; Aunchayna, Rossina. "Caracterización Agroclimática del Uruguay 1980–2009" (PDF) (in Èdè Sípáníìṣì). Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
- ↑ "Estadísticas climatológicas" (in Èdè Sípáníìṣì). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. Archived from the original on 30 November 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
- ↑ https://correiodominho.pt/noticias/guimaraes-e-colonia-de-sacramento-duas-cidades-geminadas-ha-varios-anos/109303
- ↑ Àdàkọ:Broken link, Municipalidad de Morón, 4 July 2007.
- ↑ "Olinda e Colônia de Sacramento são agora oficialmente cidades irmãs" (in Èdè Pọtogí). Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
- ↑ Àdàkọ:In lang Cidades-irmãs de Pelotas terão espaço na Fenadoce Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine., Prefeitura Municipal de Pelotas - accessed on June 4, 2007.
- ↑ "HERMANAMIENTO ENTRE CIUDADES DE QUILMES (ARGENTINA) Y COLONIA". Archived from the original on 2020-06-05. Retrieved 2019-08-31. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help), Gobierno Departamental de Colonia, 22 November 2014.
External links àtúnṣe
| Wikimedia Commons ní àwọn amóunmáwòrán bíbátan mọ́: Historic Quarter of the City of Colonia del Sacramento |
- Article on Colonia del Sacramento, Official Portal of the Uruguayan Government Archived 2011-11-19 at the Wayback Machine.
- 360° Virtual Tours of Colonia del Sacramento - Uruguay360.com.uy
- Tourist information about Colonia del Sacramento
- Tourist guide about Colonia del Sacramento – photos, hosting and attractions of Colonia del Sacramento attractions
- Colonia del Sacramento Website
- INE map of Colonia del Sacramento
Àdàkọ:Coast of Colonia Àdàkọ:Colonia Department Àdàkọ:Portuguese overseas empire Àdàkọ:World Heritage Sites in Uruguay