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Afefe orile-ede Naijiria

Ojú-ọjọ́ Nàìjíríà jẹ́ ilẹ̀ olóoru jù lọ. Naijiria ni awọn agbegbe oju-ọjọ mẹta ọtọtọ, [1] [2] awọn akoko meji, ati aropin iwọn otutu laarin 21 °C ati 35 °C.[2] Awọn eroja pataki meji ṣe ipinnu iwọn otutu ni Nigeria: giga ti oorun ati ijuwe oju-aye (gẹgẹbi a ṣe pinnu nipasẹ ibaraẹnisọrọ meji ti ojo ati ọriniinitutu).[2] Ojo ojo rẹ jẹ ilaja nipasẹ awọn ipo ọtọtọ mẹta pẹlu convectional, iwaju, ati awọn ipinnu orographical .[2] Awọn iṣiro lati Ẹgbẹ Banki Agbaye ṣe afihan iwọn otutu lododun ati awọn iyatọ ojo ti orilẹ-ede, iwọn otutu ti o ga julọ ni ọdọọdun jẹ 28.1 °C ni ọdun 1938, [1] lakoko ti ọdun tutu julọ jẹ 1957 pẹlu arosọ ojo ọdọọdun ti 1,441.45mm.[1]

Oju-ọjọ naa ni ipa pataki lori ogbin, ọrọ-aje, ati awujọ ti orilẹ-ede. Àkókò òjò ni àkókò tó ṣe pàtàkì jù lọ fún iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀, nítorí pé ó jẹ́ àkókò tí wọ́n máa ń gbìn, tí wọ́n sì ń kórè rẹ̀. [3] [4] Akoko gbigbẹ jẹ akoko ogbele, eyiti o le ja si aito omi ati awọn ikuna irugbin. [5] Awọn iwọn otutu giga ati ọriniinitutu tun le jẹ korọrun ati pe o le ja si awọn iṣoro ilera. [6] Oju-ọjọ Naijiria ni ipa nipasẹ ipo agbegbe rẹ, aworan ilẹ-aye, ati awọn ibaraenisepo ti awọn ọpọ eniyan afẹfẹ. [7] Nàìjíríà wà ní Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà, láàrín àwọn òpópónà 4°N àti 14°N, àti àwọn ìgùn 2°E àti 14°E. [8] O ni iriri oju-ọjọ otutu ti o ni ijuwe nipasẹ tutu ati awọn akoko gbigbẹ pato. [9]

Afefe ti orilẹ-ede

àtúnṣe

Naijiria ni awọn agbegbe oju-ọjọ mẹta ọtọtọ. [2] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Àjọ Tó Ń Rí sí Ọ̀rọ̀ ojú ọjọ́ lórílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ṣe sọ, ilẹ̀ olóoru ló sábà máa ń jẹ́. O le ti wa ni tito lẹšẹšẹ si meta pẹlu awọn Tropical monsoon afefe ni guusu apa, ati awọn Tropical Savannah afefe ati Sahelian gbona ati ologbele afefe ni ariwa awọn ẹya ti awọn orilẹ-ede.[2] Lakoko ti iwọn otutu ati jijo n ṣe awọn ipa pataki ninu ipinnu ti oju-ọjọ orilẹ-ede, ojo ti ro pe o jẹ ipin pataki ti o da lori ibaramu ati awọn itọsi fun iṣẹ-ogbin. [10]

Oju-ọjọ otutu otutu (Am)

àtúnṣe

Oju-ọjọ ojo otutu ni a le rii ni apa gusu gusu ti orilẹ-ede naa. Oju-ọjọ yii ni gbogbogbo ni ifoju aropin aropin olodoodun ti 2000mm [2] eyiti o yatọ fun mejeeji awọn agbegbe eti okun ati awọn agbegbe inu ilẹ. Lakoko akoko gbigbẹ, awọn agbegbe pẹlu oju-ọjọ yii ni iwọn otutu ti oṣooṣu ti o wa lati 23 °C (73 °F) lakoko alẹ si 31 °C (88 °F) ni osan.[2] Port Harcourt, Delta ati Bayelsa jẹ apẹẹrẹ ti Tropical monsoon. Oju-ọjọ Am wa ni awọn ẹkun ariwa ti Nigeria. [11] O ti wa ni characterized nipasẹ kan kikuru akoko tutu ati ki o kan gun gbẹ akoko akawe si awọn Aw afefe. Apapọ ojo rọ lododun lati 600 si 1,200 mm. [12] Akoko tutu maa n ṣiṣe lati May si Kẹsán, lakoko ti akoko gbigbẹ n lọ lati Oṣu Kẹwa si Kẹrin. [13]

Oju-ọjọ Tropical Savannah (Aw)

àtúnṣe

Oju-ọjọ otutu savannah tun ni a npe ni tutu tutu ati afefe gbigbẹ, nitori wọn ṣọ lati ni mejeeji tutu ati awọn akoko gbigbẹ. [14] O le jẹ boya akoko gbigbẹ gigun ati akoko tutu kukuru kukuru; tabi akoko tutu gigun ati akoko gbigbẹ kukuru kukuru kan. Oju-ọjọ otutu savannah ni iwọn ojo riro lododun ti o to 1200mm tabi isalẹ, lakoko ti iwọn otutu ti oṣooṣu jẹ lati 22 °C (72 °F) lakoko alẹ si 33 °C (91 °F) ni osan.[2] Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ìpínlẹ̀ kan tí irúfẹ́ ojú ọjọ́ bẹ́ẹ̀. Sibẹsibẹ, ọpọlọpọ awọn agbegbe aarin ati gusu tun ni oju-ọjọ yii.

Gbona Sahelian (BWh) ati awọn oju-ọjọ olominira (BSh)

àtúnṣe

Awọn oju-ọjọ gbigbona ti Sahelian ati awọn iwọn otutu kekere ni apapọ awọn iwọn otutu ọsan ti 35 °C (95 °F) ati 21 °C (70 °F) ni alẹ.[2] Awọn agbegbe ti o ni iriri oju-ọjọ yii jẹ apakan pataki ti apakan Ariwa ti Nigeria ati pe wọn ni iriri iwọn riro kekere lododun ni isalẹ 700mm. Awọn ipinlẹ ariwa bii Kaduna, Jigawa ati Sokoto wa pẹlu. [15]

akokoAwọn

àtúnṣe

Naijiria ni akoko meji ni ọdun kan: gbẹ ati tutu.

Igba gbigbẹ

àtúnṣe

Akoko gbigbẹ naa wa pẹlu awọn ẹfufu eruku ariwa ila oorun nibiti awọn iwọn otutu ọsangangan ti o le de ọdọ 100F (38C). Ni akoko gbigbẹ, awọn ojo rọ diẹ, oorun diẹ sii ati ọriniinitutu kekere. Akoko yii ṣubu laarin Oṣu Kẹwa ati Kẹrin gbogbo ọdun. O jẹ deede lati ni iriri harmattan ati awọn iwẹ gbigbẹ ni asiko yii. Harmattan nigbagbogbo han lati Oṣu kejila si Oṣu Kini. [16] Ọdun 1983 di igbasilẹ gẹgẹ bi ọdun gbigbẹ julọ ti Naijiria ti ri lati ọdun 1981. [17]

Igba tutu

àtúnṣe

Akoko tutu tun tọka si bi akoko ojo. O ṣubu laarin Kẹrin ati Kẹsán ni gbogbo ọdun. Akoko tutu jẹ akiyesi ni pataki ni etikun guusu ila-oorun, nibiti ojo ojo ọdọọdun ti de bii 130 inches (330) cm), nibiti awọn iwọn otutu ṣọwọn ko kọja 90F (32C). Ọdun 2019 gba igbasilẹ gẹgẹ bi ọdun ti o tutu julọ ti Naijiria ti ri lati ọdun 1981.[16][17]

Iwọn otutu

àtúnṣe

Naijiria ni iriri awọn iwọn otutu ti o ga ni gbogbo ọdun, ti o ni ipa nipasẹ ipo rẹ nitosi equator. Iwọn iwọn otutu lododun jẹ lati 25 °C si 32 °C, pẹlu awọn iyatọ agbegbe ti o da lori awọn okunfa bii igbega ati isunmọ si awọn ara omi. [18] Iwọn otutu oṣooṣu ni Nigeria wa laarin 24°C si 30 °C. [19]

Awọn iwọn otutu ti o ga julọ ni a maa n rii laarin Kínní ati Kẹrin ni akoko gbigbẹ ati pe a npe ni akoko gbigbona. O ṣubu laarin Kínní ati Oṣu Kẹta lati 39.5 to 39.9 °C (103.1 to 103.8 °F) ni guusu, ati Oṣu Kẹta si May ti o wa lati 42.9 °C si 44,5 °C ni ariwa. Ni ọdun 2021, akoko yii duro titi di May.

Ni ọdun 2020, Naijiria rii ilosoke diẹ pẹlu awọn ipinlẹ guusu ti n ṣe igbasilẹ iwọn otutu apapọ ti 30 °C - 32 °C lakoko ti awọn ipinlẹ ariwa ni igbasilẹ ti 34 °C si 37 °C. Naijiria ṣe igbasilẹ ọdun 2021 gẹgẹbi ọdun pẹlu iwọn otutu ti o ga julọ ni ọdun 40.[16]

Iyipada oju-ọjọ

àtúnṣe

Láti ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún sẹ́yìn, orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ti túbọ̀ ń tètè dé sí oríṣiríṣi ewu nítorí ìyípadà nínú ojú ọjọ́. Pẹlu awọn aaye gusu ati awọn eti okun ni ewu ti iṣan omi nitori awọn ipele okun ti nyara. Siwaju sii, wọn tun ni ewu pẹlu arun omi ti omi ati jẹ ipalara si diẹ sii. Awọn ipinlẹ ti o wa ni apa ariwa orilẹ-ede naa n ni iriri awọn iwọn otutu ti o ga, jijo ti o dinku ati pe o jẹ ewu nipasẹ ọgbẹ, iyan, ati aito ounjẹ. [20]

Igbese afefe

àtúnṣe

Nàìjíríà dara pọ̀ mọ́ àjọ UN Environment's Climate and Clean Air Coalition ni ọdun 2012 pẹlu erongba idinku idinku awọn eeru oju-ọjọ kukuru ni awọn apa mẹwa ti o ni ipa giga.

Orile-ede Naijiria ti a ti pinnu ipinnu orilẹ-ede Naijiria (NDC) ni a ṣe pẹlu adehun lati dinku itujade GHG nipasẹ 45 ogorun ni ipo ti 2030 lẹhin ti Nigeria gba Adehun Paris labẹ ijọba Aare Buhari . Nàìjíríà tún fọwọ́ sí Òfin Iyipada Oju-ọjọ ni Oṣu kọkanla ọdun 2021. Iwe-owo kan eyiti o ṣe afihan ifaramo orilẹ-ede si iran-igba pipẹ ti ibi-afẹde odo apapọ kan fun ọdun 2050 si 2070.[21][22]

Oju ojo to gaju ati awọn ewu

àtúnṣe

Awọn igbi igbona

àtúnṣe

Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àjọ NIMET ti Nàìjíríà ṣe sọ, Nàìjíríà, pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n ìgbónágbólógbòó ọdọọdún ti 26.9 °C [22] ti ni iriri igbi ooru pẹlu awọn iwọn otutu ti o ju 35 lọ °C ati pẹlu awọn oṣuwọn iṣẹlẹ giga ni apa ariwa ti orilẹ-ede naa. Apa ariwa jẹ ipalara diẹ sii si awọn igbi ooru nitori afefe ologbele-ogbele ti o gbona. Ni ọdun 2019, Naijiria ni iriri igbona pẹlu awọn ipinlẹ ariwa ti o ni iriri awọn iṣẹlẹ giga bi Minna ti ni iwọn otutu ti 42.2 °C.[19] Pẹlu 46.4 °C ni ọdun 2010, ilu Naijiria Yola ni iwọn otutu ti o gba silẹ ti o ga julọ ninu atokọ awọn orilẹ-ede ati awọn agbegbe ti o ni ipa nipasẹ iwọn otutu.

Agbara

àtúnṣe

Ni akoko tutu, kii ṣe ohun dani lati ni iriri jijo ti o le fa iṣan omi ni awọn agbegbe orilẹ-ede kan. Ni ọdun 2012, orilẹ-ede naa ni iriri ti o buru julọ ni ọdun 40 pẹlu isonu ti a pinnu ti N2.6 aimọye. Apapọ eniyan 363 ni o pa ati diẹ sii ju 2,100,000 nipo.[23][24]

Ikun omi ti ọdun 2017 ti o waye lasiko ojo ni ipinle Benue jẹ ajalu miiran ti o fi ẹgbẹẹgbẹrun eniyan kuro.[25] Ni ọdun 2021, 32 ninu awọn ipinlẹ 36 ti Nigeria ni awọn ọran ti iṣan omi ni ibamu si Ile-iṣẹ Itọju Pajawiri ti Orilẹ-ede, ijabọ awọn ẹmi 155 ti sọnu laarin Oṣu Kẹjọ ati Oṣu Kẹwa. [26]

Ogbele

àtúnṣe

Nàìjíríà tún wà lára àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan ti ṣẹlẹ̀ tí ìyàn gbóná janjan nínú ọ̀dálẹ̀ Sahel lọ́dún 2012 . [27]

Wo eleyi na

àtúnṣe

Awọn itọkasi

àtúnṣe
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/nigeria/climate-data-historical
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 "Ẹda pamosi". Archived from the original on 2023-03-22. Retrieved 2023-09-05. 
  3. ↑ The Development and Adoption of High‐Yielding Varieties of Wheat and Rice in Developing Countries. December 1985. pp. 1067–1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1241374. 
  4. ↑ Intercropping with Sorghum in Nigeria. April 1972. pp. 139–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447970000510x. 
  5. ↑ Water productivity in rainfed systems: overview of challenges and analysis of opportunities in water scarcity prone savannahs. 25 January 2007. pp. 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-007-0062-3. 
  6. ↑ Physiological, Comfort, Performance, and Social Effects of Heat Stress. January 1981. pp. 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1981.tb01058.x. 
  7. ↑ Groundwater Condition and Management in Kano Region, Northwestern Nigeria. 9 February 2018. pp. 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology5010016. 
  8. ↑ Spatial distribution and temporal variability of Harmattan dust haze in sub-Sahel West Africa. December 2007. pp. 9079–9090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.003. 
  9. ↑ Creative margins: three women in post-war French landscape architecture 
  10. ↑ The Climate of Nigeria. 1952. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40564888. 
  11. ↑ Geographical Regions of Nigeria. 31 December 1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520327108. 
  12. ↑ A comparison of the vegetation response to rainfall in the Sahel and East Africa, using normalized difference vegetation index from NOAA AVHRR. December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00138369. 
  13. ↑ Comparative Phenological Studies of Trees in Tropical Wet and Dry Forests in the Lowlands of Costa Rica. November 1974. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2258961. 
  14. ↑ [2542:lpowsi2.0.co;2 LEAF PHENOLOGY OF WOODY SPECIES IN A NORTH AUSTRALIAN TROPICAL SAVANNA]. December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[2542:lpowsi]2.0.co;2. 
  15. ↑ https://archive.org/details/physicalgeographmckn
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 "Ẹda pamosi". Archived from the original on 2022-07-28. Retrieved 2023-09-05. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 https://www.studycountry.com/guide/NG-climate.htm
  18. ↑ Benali, A.; Carvalho, A.C.; Nunes, J.P.; Carvalhais, N.; Santos, A. (September 2012). "Estimating air surface temperature in Portugal using MODIS LST data". Remote Sensing of Environment 124: 108–121. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2012.04.024. ISSN 0034-4257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.04.024. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/4/6/nigeria-suffers-severe-heatwave-with-no-relief-in-sight
  20. ↑ "Ẹda pamosi". Archived from the original on 2022-10-12. Retrieved 2023-09-05. 
  21. ↑ https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/nigeria/#:~:text=In%20November%202021,%20Nigeria%20passed,by%20the%20Federal%20Executive%20Council.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/
  23. ↑ https://www.reuters.com/article/nigeria-floods-idINDEE8A40EH20121105
  24. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20150527103013/http://www.punchng.com/news/2012-flood-disaster-cost-nigeria-n2-6tn-nema/
  25. ↑ https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/9/1/nigeria-floods-displace-more-than-100000-people
  26. ↑ https://reliefweb.int/disaster/fl-2022-000271-nga
  27. ↑ https://news.un.org/en/story/2012/05/411752-un-relief-coordinator-warns-over-humanitarian-crisis-africas-drought-hit-sahel
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