Wikipedia

Ìran Yorùbá

ẹya ti Iwọ-oorun Afirika
(Àtúnjúwe láti Ọmọ Yorùbá)

Ìran Yorùbá, àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá tàbí Ọmọ káàárọ̀-oòjíire, jẹ́ ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Áfíríkà, ní apá Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn rẹ̀, tí wọ́n ń gbé apá kan ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà, Bẹ̀nẹ̀, àti Togo, wọ́n sì ń pè gbogbo agbègbè yìí ní Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá.[23] Ẹ lè ri púpọ̀ nínú wọ́n ní àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ bíi ìpínlẹ̀ Ẹdó, Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì, ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó, Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara, ìpínlẹ̀ Kogí, ìpínlẹ̀ Ògùn, Ìpínlẹ̀ Oǹdó, ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun, ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́. Ẹ tún le rí wọ́n ní ìpínlẹ̀ to wa nínú orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Benin (Dahomey), ní orílẹ̀-èdè Sàró (Sierra Leone), àti ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè miiran bíi Togo, Brazil, Cuba, Haiti, Amẹ́ríkà ati Venezuela. Àwọn Yorùbá wà l’árá àwọn to tóbí ju ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó le jẹ́ pe àwọn ló pọ̀ jù, abí kí wọ́n jẹ́ ìkejì, tàbí ẹ̀yà kẹta tó pọ̀ jùlọ ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà.[24][25][26][27]

Yoruba
Ìran Yorùbá
Ọmọ Oòduà, Ọmọ Káàárọ̀-oòjíire
Àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá tí ń jó níbi ayẹyẹ
Regions with significant populations
  Yorubaland
Nigeria 42,600,000 (2020) [1]
Benin 1,600,000 [2]
Ghana 425,600 [3]
Togo 342,500 (2014) [4]
United States 213,732 (2023)[lower-alpha 1] [5]
Côte d'Ivoire 115,000 (2017) [6]
Niger 80,700 (2021) [7]
Canada 42,075 (2021)[lower-alpha 2] [8]
Sierra Leone 16,578 (2022) [9]
Ireland 10,100 (2011) [10]
Gambia 9,224 (2024) [11]
Australia 4,020 (2021) [12]
Finland 1,538 (2023) [13]
Èdè
Ẹ̀sìn
[14][15][16]
Ẹ̀yà abínibí bíbátan
(Gbe)  Aja · Ewe · Fon · Mahi · Ogu
(Kwa)  Adele · Akebu · Anii · Ga · Kposo

Àwọn Yorùbá jẹ́ àwọn ènìyàn kan ti èdè wón pín sí orísirísi. Diẹ̀ lára àwọn ìpínsísọ̀rí àwọn èdè wọn ni a ti ri: "Èkìtì"; "Èkó"; "Ìjèbú"; "Ìjẹ̀ṣhà"; "Ìkálẹ̀"; "Ọ̀yọ́"; "Ẹ̀gbá" àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. Àwọn ìpínsísọ̀rí yí ni a ń pe ní ẹ̀ka èdè tàbí èdè àdúgbò. Àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá je ẹ̀yà kan tí wọ́n fẹ́ràn láti máà se aájò àti àlejò àwọn ẹlẹ́yà mìíràn, wọ́n sì ma ń nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí ọmọ'làkejì.

Onílù ilẹ̀ Yorùbá

Ìpínlẹ̀

àtúnṣe

Ní ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà, àwọn Yorùbá pín ààlà ilẹ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹ̀yà mìíràn, bíi; Yoruboid Itsekiri tó wà ní apá Gúúsù-ìlà-oòrùn, Niger Delta ní apá Gúúsù Ìwọ̀-oòrùn , Bariba ní apá Àríwá-Ìwọ̀-oòrùn ní ilẹ̀ Bẹ̀nẹ̀ àti Nàìjíríà, àwọn Nupe ní apá Àríwá, àti àwọn Ebira ní apá Àríwá-Ìlà-oòrùn, ní Ààrin Gbùngbùn ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Sí apá Ìlà-oòrùn wọn nih àwọn ẹ̀yà bíi Edo, Esan, àti Afemai wà. Sí apá Àríwá-Ìwọ̀-oòrùn wọn ní àwọn ẹ̀yà tó jẹ mọ́ Ìgalà wà, lágbègbè Niger River. Sí apá Gúúsù wọn ni àwọn ẹ̀yà bíi Gbe, Mahi, Fon, Ewe tó ń pín ààlà ilẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Benin àti Togo. Ní Ìwọ̀-oòrùn, àwọn èyà tó ń sọ èdè Kwa bíi Akebu àti Kposo ti Togo ni wọ́n yí àwọn Yorùbá ká, bẹ́ẹ̀ sì ni a ní àwọn tó ń sọ èdè Kwa bíi Anii, àti àwọn tó ń sọ èdè Gur bíi Kabiye, Yom-Lokpa àti Tem ti Togo[28] ní apá Àríwá-Ìwọ̀-oòrùn.

Àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá tun wà ní orílẹ̀-èdè West Africa míì bíi Ghana[29][30][31], Benin,[29] Côte d'Ivoire,[32] àti Sierra Leone.[33]

Ní àwọn ilẹ̀ mìíràn yàtọ̀ sí ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà, ìtànkálẹ̀ àwọn Yorùbá pín sí ọ̀nà méjì pàtàkì, àkọ́kọ́ ni àwọn Yorùbá tí wọ́n kó lọ sí ilẹ̀ tuntun gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹrú láàárín sẹ́ńtúrì kẹrìndínlógún (16th century) sí sẹ́ńtúrì kọkàndínlógún (19th century), sí àwọn ilẹ̀ Caribbean (pàápàá jùlọ Cuba) àti Brazil.

Ẹ̀kejì sì ni àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá tí wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣí kó lọ sí United Kingdom àti United States ní àkókò tí ayipada ń dé bá ètò ọrọ̀-ajé àti òṣèlú ilẹ̀ náà láti ọdún 1960 títí di àkókò yìí.[34]

Èdè

àtúnṣe
 
Degree of Presence of The Yoruba and derived' Ede groups[35][36][37] in Nigeria, Benin & Togo at Subnational levels[38]

Ìtàn àtẹnudénu lásán ni àṣà Yorùbá jẹ́ nígbà kan, ọ̀pọ̀ ọmọ Yorùbá ni èdè náà sì jẹ́ abínibí fún. Ní ọdún 2010, àwọn tó ń sọ èdè náà tó ọgbọ̀n mílíọ́ọ̀nù[39]. Wọ́n pín èdè Yorùbá pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn èdè bí i Edekiri, Igala tọ́ parapọ̀ di àwọn èdè Yoruboid ní agbègbè Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà.

Èdè Igala àti Yorùbá ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pàtàkì nípa ìtàn àti àṣà. Èdà ẹ̀yà méjèèjì yìí ní àwọn ìjọra kọ̀ọ̀kan, tó bẹ́ẹ̀ tí Forde (1951) àti Westermann àti Bryan (1952) fi ka èdè Igala sí abẹ́ àwọn ẹ̀ka-èdè Yorùbá.

A lè pín àwọn ẹ̀ka-èdè tó wà lábẹ́ èdè Yoruboid sí ọ̀nà mẹ́ta: Northwest, Central, àti Southeast.[40] Àwọn ẹ̀ka-èdẹ̀ tó wà ní North-West Yoruba (ní apá Gúúsù mọ́ Ìwọ̀-oòrùn ilẹ̀ Yorùbá) ń fi àrà tuntun èdè náà hàn, pẹ̀lú ìfilélè pé Southeast àti Central Yoruba ní àwọn ìlú àtijọ́, ti wọ́n sì lè ṣí lọ sí àwọn ìlú mìíràn.[41]

Ona asopo ti orisirisi dialects ti èdè Yoruba:

àtúnṣe

Ohun pataki ni asa ati èdè Yoruba

àtúnṣe

Ni asa ati èdè Yoruba, òwó se pataki gidigan. Ni asa wa, ti e ba fe ki awon agba tabi awon èniyàn ti o tobi ni odun ju iwo. O nilo lati dobale, e ko le so "bowani" e ma se be o! E nilo lati dọbalẹ. Ni asa wa ati ni èdè wa, òwó se pataki gidigan, ti èniyàn tobi ni odun ju iwo e nilo lati fikun "e" siwaju ohun ti e fe so. "E kaaro," "E pele," "E kúuṣẹ́," sùgbón ti e ba ba àwọn èniyàn soro ti o ni odun kekere ju iwo tabi ti won ni odun ti je kanna pèlú iwo, e ma lo "e" e le n so "kaaro," "pele," ati "kúuṣẹ́."

Se o je otito pé edè Yoruba n fi ku?

àtúnṣe
 
Okurin lati Nigeria ni aso Yoruba
 
Awon ènyiàn Yoruba ni ile Yoruba

Bee ni, o je otito pé ede Yoruba n fi ku? Kini ede fun be? Idi fun iku ede Yoruba je pé awon obi, won ko fe ko awon omodé re ede Yoruba. Opolopo èniyàn ro pé ede Yoruba ko se pataki. Won ro pé ede Yoruba je fun awon otoshi, awon talaka ati awon èniyàn ti ko ni eto-eko (awon láìlẹ́kọ̀ọ́). Sùgbon, o ko je otito, Yoruba ko je fun awon èniyàn ti o ni eto-eko, Yoruba je fun gbogbo èniyàn Yoruba. Awa nilo lati yipada ero inu wa. O ko dara nigba awa n so pé ede Yoruba ko se pataki tabi o je fun awon lailekoo. Opolopo èniyàn bere lati ikorira ede abinibi won dabi Yoruba, Igbo, ati awon miiran. Awa nilo lati mu Yoruba pelu wa, ki i se fi Yoruba ni idoti. Awon Germans won n so German ati inu won dun gidigidi nitori won n so German, awon Chinese won n so Chinese ati inu won dun gidigidi nitori won n so Chinese, awon Russians, won n so Russian ati inu won dun gidigidi nitori won n so Russian sùgbon awon Yoruba, won ko n so Yoruba, ati inu won ko dara nitori won n so Yoruba, ni otito, won n ko fe so Yoruba. Akoko ti dé, awa nilo lati yipada ero inu wa, ko dara. Awon omodé ni Canda, Amerika, China, Jermani, ati awon Dutch, omodé won, won n so ede ti obi won, sùgbon awon omodé wa, won ko so ede wa.

Èdè Yoruba ni ogbon ati orisirisi owe, awa nilo lati soji ede Yoruba, ti awa ko soji ede Yoruba, o ma fi ku patapata, ati awa ko le soji ede Yoruba. Akoko ti de, awa nilo lati se kankan, sugbon o ma fi ku patapata.

Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí

àtúnṣe
  1. ↑ "Yoruba, a language of Nigeria". Ethnologue, languages of the World (in Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 25th edition; Simons, Gary F. and Charles D. Fennig. 2022. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023. 
  2. ↑ "Beninese Culture – Yoruba 12.3%". Beninembassy.us (in Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì). Retrieved 29 October 2021. 
  3. ↑ "Middlesex University Research Repository, Introduction to the Ethno-Geographic origins of modern Ghana (The Yoruba 1.3%)" (PDF) (in Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì). Amoah, Michael (2001) Ethnonationalism versus political nationalism in Ghanaian electoral politics 1996–2000. PhD thesis, Middlesex University. 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2022.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ "République Togolaise (ifè:1.8 %, Yorouba: 1,4 %, Kambole/Nago: 0.7%. Total Yoruba; 3.9%)" (in Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì). Université Laval. 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2022. 
  5. ↑ Àṣìṣe ìtọ́kasí: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named United States Census Bureau
  6. ↑ "Yoruba, a language of Cote D'Ivoire (Leclerc 2017c)". Ethnologue, languages of the World (in Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 21st edition; Simons, Gary F. and Charles D. Fennig. 2017. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019. 
  7. ↑ "Yoruba". Ethnologue. Retrieved 13 December 2023. 
  8. ↑ "2021 Canadian Population census, Ethnic or cultural origin by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories". 11 May 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2024. 
  9. ↑ "Country profile: FGM in Sierra Leone, June 2014. The Krio are estimated to make up 2% of the Sierra Leonian population. Among the Krio, the overwhelmingly muslim Oku/Aku make up 15% and are almost exclusively of Yoruba descent." (PDF). 28toomany.org. 
  10. ↑ "Profile 6 – Migration and Diversity" (PDF). Central Statistics Office. October 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2021. 
  11. ↑ "The Gambia 2024 Population and Housing Census, Preliinary Report GBoS– Yoruba as 'Aku Marabou', who are a Muslim Yoruba diaspora in The Gambia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2025. Retrieved 2025-06-04.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ "SBS Australian Census Explorer: 4,020 Yoruba language speakers". sbs.com.au. 
  13. ↑ "11rl – Language according to age and sex by region, 1990–2020. Yoruba; 1,538 speakers". Statistics Finland. Retrieved 2 June 2024. [Ìjápọ̀ tí kò ṣiṣẹ́ mọ́]
  14. ↑ "Research note: Exploring survey data for historical and anthropological research: Muslim–Christian relations in south-west Nigeria | Oxford Academic". Academic.oup.com. Retrieved 2022-02-14. 
  15. ↑ Nolte, Insa; Jones, Rebecca; Taiyari, Khadijeh; Occhiali, Giovanni (July 2016). "Research note: Exploring survey data for historical and anthropological research: Muslim–Christian relations in south-west Nigeria". African Affairs 115 (460): 541–561. doi:10.1093/afraf/adw035. 
  16. ↑ Moshood, Busari (20 February 2017). GRIN - Identity conflicts among Yoruba Muslim groups in selected states of Nigeria. GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-668-39964-8. https://www.grin.com/document/353192. 
  17. ↑ "Raceandhistory.com – Nigeria: The Edo of Benin". raceandhistory.com. 
  18. ↑ Lloyd, P. C. (1963). "The Itsekiri in the Nineteenth Century; an Outline Social History". The Journal of African History 4 (2): 207–231. doi:10.1017/S0021853700004035. JSTOR 179535. 
  19. ↑ Oyèláràn, Ọlásopé O. (May 2018). "Oríta Borgu: the Yorùbá and the Bààtonu down the ages" (in en). Africa 88 (2): 238–266. doi:10.1017/S0001972017000900. ISSN 0001-9720. 
  20. ↑ Francesco Montinaro; George B.J. Busby; Vincenzo L. Pascali; Simon Myers; Garrett Hellenthal; Cristian Capelli (24 March 2015). "Unravelling the hidden ancestry of American admixed populations". Nature Communications 6: 6596. Bibcode 2015NatCo...6.6596M. doi:10.1038/ncomms7596. PMC 4374169. PMID 25803618. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4374169. 
  21. ↑ Falola, Toyin (2016). Encyclopedia of the Yoruba. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 95–96. ISBN 978-0-253-02144-1. 
  22. ↑ "The Vitality of Yoruba Culture in the Americas" (PDF). 2020. 
  23. ↑ "Yoruba People". New World Encyclopedia. 1960-10-01. Retrieved 2023-06-13. 
  24. ↑ "Yoruba - Introduction, Location, Language, Folklore, Religion, Major holidays, Rites of passage". World Culture Encyclopedia. 2007-04-03. Retrieved 2023-06-13. 
  25. ↑ "Yoruba People of Nigeria – Yoruba People History & Culture". Guide to Nigeria tourism, local culture & investments. 2015-09-13. Archived from the original on 2023-05-27. Retrieved 2023-06-13. 
  26. ↑ "Yoruba - people". Encyclopedia Britannica. 1998-07-20. Retrieved 2023-06-13. 
  27. ↑ study.com https://study.com/learn/lesson/yoruba-people-language-culture-history-music.html. Retrieved 2023-06-13.  Missing or empty |title= (help)
  28. ↑ "Ethno-linguistic map of Togo. The Ana (Ife) Yoruba group occupy the central-east portions of the country". 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Jacob Oluwatayo Adeuyan (12 October 2011). Contributions of Yoruba people in the Economic & Political Developments of Nigeria. Authorhouse. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-4670-2480-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=eiQHFrA7GUwC&pg=PA72. 
  30. ↑ Àṣìṣe ìtọ́kasí: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named rand
  31. ↑ Jeremy Seymour Eades (1994). Strangers and Traders: Yoruba Migrants, Markets, and the State in Northern Ghana Volume 11 of International African library. Africa World Press. ISBN 978-0-86543-419-6. ISSN 0951-1377. https://books.google.com/books?id=IjlzSYnAKdQC. 
  32. ↑ "Ivory Coast country profile" (in en-GB). BBC News. 15 January 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13287216. 
  33. ↑ National African Language Resource Center. "Yoruba" (PDF). Indiana University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2014. 
  34. ↑ Akinrinade and Ogen, Sola and Olukoya (2011). "Historicising the Nigerian Diaspora: Nigerian Migrants and Homeland Relations". Turkish Journal of Politics 2 (2): 15. https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/historicising-the-Nig-diaspora.pdf. 
  35. ↑ Kluge, Angela (April 2008). "A synchronic lexical study of the Ede language continuum of West Africa". Afrikanistik Online 2007 (4). https://www.afrikanistik-aegyptologie-online.de/archiv/2007/1328//. 
  36. ↑ "Ethnicity clusters of Benin data set, Yoruba group – IPUMS Census Data". 
  37. ↑ "Ethnocultural study of agriculture in Northern Benin, Alibori department 12% Mokole Yoruba, INSAE 2013". 28 September 2021. 
  38. ↑ "People groups: Yoruba language cluster". 1 September 2021. 
  39. ↑ The number of speakers of Yoruba was estimated at 20 million people in the 1990s. No reliable estimate of more recent date is known. Metzler Lexikon Sprache (4th ed. 2010) estimates 30 million based on population growth figures during the 1990s and 2000s. The population of Nigeria (where the majority of Yoruba live) has grown by 44% between 1995 and 2010, so that the Metzler estimate for 2010 appears plausible.
  40. ↑ This widely followed classification is based on Adetugbọ's (1982) dialectological study – the classification originated in his 1967 PhD thesis The Yoruba Language in Western Nigeria: Its Major Dialect Areas, Àdàkọ:ProQuest. See also Adetugbọ (1973). "The Yoruba Language in Yoruba History". In Biobaku, Saburi O.. Sources of Yoruba History. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 183–193. ISBN 0-19-821669-6. https://archive.org/details/sourcesofyorubah0000biob. 
  41. ↑ Adetugbọ 1973, pp. 192–3. (See also the section Dialects.)

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