Gallium, 31 Ga Gallium Pípè / ˈ ɡ æ l i ə m / (GAL -ee-əm ) Ìhànsójú silvery white Ìwúwo átọ̀mù A r, std (Ga) 69.723(1) [ 1] Gallium ní orí tábìlì àyè
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z ) 31 Ẹgbẹ́ group 13 (boron group) Àyè àyè 4 Àdìpọ̀ Àdìpọ̀-p Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì Post-transition metal Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù [Ar ] 3d10 4s2 4p1 Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan 2, 8, 18, 3 Àwọn ohun ìní ara Ìfarahàn at STP solid Ìgbà ìyọ́ 302.9146 K (29.7646 °C, 85.5763 °F) Ígbà ìhó 2477 K (2204 °C, 3999 °F) Kíki (near r.t. ) 5.91 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 6.095 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 5.59 kJ/mol Heat of 254 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 25.86 J/(mol·K) pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1310
1448
1620
1838
2125
2518
Atomic properties Oxidation states −5, −4, −3,[ 2] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 [ 3] Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.81 energies Atomic radius empirical: 135 pm Covalent radius 122±3 pm Van der Waals radius 187 pm Color lines in a spectral range Spectral lines of galliumOther properties Natural occurrence primordial Crystal structure orthorhombic Speed of sound thin rod 2740 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion 1.2 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) Thermal conductivity 40.6 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity 270 Ω·m (at 20 °C) Magnetic ordering diamagnetic Young's modulus 9.8 GPa Poisson ratio 0.47 Mohs hardness 1.5 Brinell hardness 60 MPa CAS Number 7440-55-3 Main isotopes of gallium
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↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi :10.1515/pac-2015-0305 .
↑ Ga(−3) has been observed in LaGa, see Dürr, Ines; Bauer, Britta; Röhr, Caroline (2011). "Lanthan-Triel/Tetrel-ide La(Al,Ga)x (Si,Ge)1-x . Experimentelle und theoretische Studien zur Stabilität intermetallischer 1:1-Phasen" . Z. Naturforsch. 66b : 1107–1121. http://www.znaturforsch.com/s66b/s66b1107.pdf .
↑ Hofmann, Patrick (1997) (in de). Colture. Ein Programm zur interaktiven Visualisierung von Festkörperstrukturen sowie Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften von binären und ternären Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallgalliden . PhD Thesis, ETH Zurich. p. 72. doi :10.3929/ethz-a-001859893 . ISBN 978-3728125972 . http://www.uni-kassel.de/upress/online/frei/978-3-7281-2597-2.volltext.frei.pdf .