Fósfórù

Fósfórù ni ẹ́límẹ̀ntì kẹ́míkà kan tó ní àmì-ìdámọ̀ P àti nọ́mbà átọ̀mù 15. Elimenti to je alaije-metali afagbarapupodimu to wa ninu egbe nitrojin, fosforu gegebi alumoni unwa ni ipoaye isodioksidi bo se ye, gegebi inorganic awon okuta fosfati alainiorgani. Elimenti fosforu wa ni ida meji pataki—fosforu funfun ati fosforu pupa—sugbon nitori isedarapo giga re, fosforu ko da wa bi elimenti lori Aye.

Fósfórù, ₁₅P

waxy white (yellow cut), red (granules centre left, chunk centre right), and violet phosphorus
Fósfórù
Pípè	/ˈfɒsfərəs/ ​(FOS-fər-əs)
Ìhànsójú	colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(P)	30.973761998(5)
Fósfórù ní orí tábìlì àyè
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson N ↑ P ↓ As sílíkọ́nù ← fósfórù → sulfur
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z)	15
Ẹgbẹ́	group 15 (pnictogens)
Àyè	àyè 3
Àdìpọ̀	Àdìpọ̀-p
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì	Reactive nonmetal
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù	[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan	2, 8, 5
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahàn at STP	solid
Kíki (near r.t.)	(white) 1.823, (red) ≈ 2.2 – 2.34, (violet) 2.36, (black) 2.69 g/cm3
Triple point	(red) 862.7 K, 4367 kPa
Heat of fusion	(white) 0.66 kJ/mol
Heat of	(white) 12.4 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	(white) 23.824 J/(mol·K)
pressure (white) P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 279 307 342 388 453 549
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 455 489 529 576 635 704
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.19
energies	(more)
Covalent radius	107±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	180 pm
Color lines in a spectral range Spectral lines of fósfórù
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​simple triclinic
Thermal conductivity	(white) 0.236, (black) 12.1 W/(m·K)
Magnetic ordering	(white, red, violet, black) diamagnetic
Bulk modulus	(white) 5, (red) 11 GPa
CAS Number	7723-14-0
History
Discovery	Hennig Brand (1669)
Recognized as an element by	Antoine Lavoisier (1777)
Main isotopes of fósfórù
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 31P 100% 31P is stable with 16 neutrons 32P syn 14.28 d β− 1.709 32S 33P syn 25.3 d β− 0.249 33S

The first form of elemental phosphorus to be produced (white phosphorus, in 1669) emits a faint glow upon exposure to oxygen – hence its name given from Greek mythology, Φωσφόρος meaning "light-bearer" (Latin Lucifer), referring to the "Morning Star", the planet Venus. The term "phosphorescence", meaning glow after illumination, originally derives from this property of phosphorus, although this word has since been used for a different physical process that produces a glow. The glow of phosphorus itself originates from oxidation of the white (but not red) phosphorus— a process now termed chemiluminescence.