Fósfórù

(Àtúnjúwe láti Phosphorus)

Fósfórù ni ẹ́límẹ̀ntì kẹ́míkà kan tó ní àmì-ìdámọ̀ P àti nọ́mbà átọ̀mù 15. Elimenti to je alaije-metali afagbarapupodimu to wa ninu egbe nitrojin, fosforu gegebi alumoni unwa ni ipoaye isodioksidi bo se ye, gegebi inorganic awon okuta fosfati alainiorgani. Elimenti fosforu wa ni ida meji pataki—fosforu funfun ati fosforu pupa—sugbon nitori isedarapo giga re, fosforu ko da wa bi elimenti lori Aye.

Fósfórù, 15P
waxy white (yellow cut), red (granules centre left, chunk centre right), and violet phosphorus
Fósfórù
Pípè /ˈfɒsfərəs/ (FOS-fər-əs)
Ìhànsójúcolourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(P)30.973761998(5)[1]
Fósfórù ní orí tábìlì àyè
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
N

P

As
sílíkọ́nùfósfórùsulfur
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z)15
Ẹgbẹ́group 15 (pnictogens)
Àyèàyè 3
Àdìpọ̀Àdìpọ̀-p
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì  Reactive nonmetal
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan2, 8, 5
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahàn at STPsolid
Kíki (near r.t.)(white) 1.823, (red) ≈ 2.2 – 2.34, (violet) 2.36, (black) 2.69 g/cm3
Triple point
(red) 862.7 K, 4367 kPa
Heat of fusion(white) 0.66 kJ/mol
Heat of (white) 12.4 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity(white)
23.824 J/(mol·K)
 pressure (white)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 279 307 342 388 453 549
 pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 455 489 529 576 635 704
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−3, −2, −1, 0,[2] +1,[3] +2, +3, +4, +5 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.19
energies
Covalent radius107±3 pm
Van der Waals radius180 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of fósfórù
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structuresimple triclinic
Simple triclinic crystal structure for fósfórù
Thermal conductivity(white) 0.236, (black) 12.1 W/(m·K)
Magnetic ordering(white, red, violet, black) diamagnetic[4]
Bulk modulus(white) 5, (red) 11 GPa
CAS Number7723-14-0
History
DiscoveryHennig Brand (1669)
Recognized as an element byAntoine Lavoisier[5] (1777)
Main isotopes of fósfórù
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
31P 100% 31P is stable with 16 neutrons
32P syn 14.28 d β 1.709 32S
33P syn 25.3 d β 0.249 33S
Àdàkọ:Category-inline
| references

The first form of elemental phosphorus to be produced (white phosphorus, in 1669) emits a faint glow upon exposure to oxygen – hence its name given from Greek mythology, Φωσφόρος meaning "light-bearer" (Latin Lucifer), referring to the "Morning Star", the planet Venus. The term "phosphorescence", meaning glow after illumination, originally derives from this property of phosphorus, although this word has since been used for a different physical process that produces a glow. The glow of phosphorus itself originates from oxidation of the white (but not red) phosphorus— a process now termed chemiluminescence.


  1. Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
  2. Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; King, R. Bruce; Schaefer, Iii; Schleyer, Paul v. R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2008). "Carbene-Stabilized Diphosphorus". Journal of the American Chemical Society 130 (45): 14970–1. doi:10.1021/ja807828t. PMID 18937460. 
  3. Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744. 
  4. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Àdàkọ:RubberBible86th
  5. cf. "Memoir on Combustion in General" Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences 1777, 592–600. from Henry Marshall Leicester and Herbert S. Klickstein, A Source Book in Chemistry 1400–1900 (New York: McGraw Hill, 1952)
  6. webelements
  7. Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.