Bórọ̀nù
Bórọ̀nù ni ẹ́límẹ̀ntì kẹ́míkà kan tó ní àmì-ìdámọ̀ B àti nọ́mbà átọ̀mù 5. Nítorípé bórọ̀nù jẹ́ dídá pátápátá pẹ̀lu ìtúká ìrànká kọ́smíkì tí kò sì jẹ́ pẹ̀lù núkléùkíkódájọpọ̀ oníràwọ̀,[12] kò fi bẹ́ẹ̀ pọ̀ ní inú sístẹ́mù òrùn àti nínú ìgbẹ́lẹ̀ Ayé. Bórọ̀nù wọ́jọ ní Ayé pẹ̀lu ìtúsómi àwọn àdàpọ̀ rẹ̀ tí wọ́n wọ́pọ̀, èyun ùn àwọn àlùmọ́nì bóràtì. Àwọn wọ̀nyí únjẹ́ wíwà láti inú ilẹ̀ ní ilé-iṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́bí ìṣágbẹ, bíi bóráksì àti kẹ́rnítì.
![]() boron (β-rhombohedral)[1] | ||||||||||||||||||
Bórọ̀nù | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pípè | /ˈbɔːrɒn/ | |||||||||||||||||
Ìhànsójú | black-brown | |||||||||||||||||
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(B) | [10.806, 10.821] conventional: 10.81 | |||||||||||||||||
Bórọ̀nù ní orí tábìlì àyè | ||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z) | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
Ẹgbẹ́ | group 13 (boron group) | |||||||||||||||||
Àyè | àyè 2 | |||||||||||||||||
Àdìpọ̀ | Àdìpọ̀-p | |||||||||||||||||
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì | Metalloid | |||||||||||||||||
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù | [He] 2s2 2p1 | |||||||||||||||||
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan | 2, 3 | |||||||||||||||||
Àwọn ohun ìní ara | ||||||||||||||||||
Ìfarahàn at STP | aláralíle | |||||||||||||||||
Ìgbà ìyọ́ | 2349 K (2076 °C, 3769 °F) | |||||||||||||||||
Ígbà ìhó | 4200 K (3927 °C, 7101 °F) | |||||||||||||||||
Kíki when liquid (at m.p.) | 2.08 g/cm3 | |||||||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | 50.2 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||||
Heat of | 480 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | 11.087 J/(mol·K) | |||||||||||||||||
pressure
| ||||||||||||||||||
Atomic properties | ||||||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | −5, −1, 0,[2] +1, +2, +3[3][4] Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment | |||||||||||||||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.04 | |||||||||||||||||
energies |
| |||||||||||||||||
Atomic radius | empirical: 90 pm | |||||||||||||||||
Covalent radius | 84±3 pm | |||||||||||||||||
Van der Waals radius | 192 pm | |||||||||||||||||
Spectral lines of bórọ̀nù | ||||||||||||||||||
Other properties | ||||||||||||||||||
Natural occurrence | primordial | |||||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | rhombohedral | |||||||||||||||||
Speed of sound thin rod | 16,200 m/s (at 20 °C) | |||||||||||||||||
Thermal expansion | (β form) 5–7[5] µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) | |||||||||||||||||
Thermal conductivity | 27.4 W/(m·K) | |||||||||||||||||
Electrical resistivity | ~106 Ω·m (at 20 °C) | |||||||||||||||||
Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[6] | |||||||||||||||||
Mohs hardness | ~9.5 | |||||||||||||||||
CAS Number | 7440-42-8 | |||||||||||||||||
History | ||||||||||||||||||
Discovery | Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard[7] (30 June 1808) | |||||||||||||||||
First isolation | Humphry Davy[8] (9 July 1808) | |||||||||||||||||
Main isotopes of bórọ̀nù | ||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||
Bórọ̀nú, tó jẹ́ títòpọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ mẹ́tálọ́ìdì, tí kò darapọ̀ bíi kẹ́míkà kò sí ní Ilé-Ayé. Ní ilé-iṣẹ́, ó ṣòro látí dá bórọ̀nù ògidì nítorípé oúndá èròjà míràn tí wọ́n ní kárbọ́nù tàbí àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntí míràn díẹ̀ nínú. Orísi àwọn àllótrópù bórọ̀nù lówà: bórọ̀nù amorphous boron is a brown powder and crystalline boron is black, extremely hard (about 9.5 on the Mohs scale), and a poor conductor at room temperature. Elemental boron is used as a dopant in the semiconductor industry.
![]() |
Àyọkà yìí tàbí apá rẹ̀ únfẹ́ àtúnṣe sí. Ẹ le fẹ̀ jù báyìí lọ tàbí kí ẹ ṣàtúnṣe rẹ̀ lọ́nà tí yíò mu kúnrẹ́rẹ́. Ẹ ran Wikipedia lọ́wọ́ láti fẹ̀ẹ́ jù báyìí lọ. |
ItokasiÀtúnṣe
- ↑ Van Setten et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1
- ↑ Braunschweig, H.; Dewhurst, R. D.; Hammond, K.; Mies, J.; Radacki, K.; Vargas, A. (2012). "Ambient-Temperature Isolation of a Compound with a Boron-Boron Triple Bond". Science 336 (6087): 1420–2. Bibcode 2012Sci...336.1420B. doi:10.1126/science.1221138. PMID 22700924.
- ↑ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF". J. Molecular Spectroscopy 170 (1): 82. Bibcode 1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058. http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/125.pdf.
- ↑ Melanie Schroeder. "Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden" (in de). p. 139. https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/binary/KKUKEQ5AXZBNJVU7NJCHZB4UXT2HAGJE/full/1.pdf.
- ↑ Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.
- ↑ Lide, David R. (ed.) (2000). Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC press. ISBN 0849304814. http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf.
- ↑ Gay Lussac, J.L. and Thenard, L.J. (1808) "Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique," Annales de chimie [later: Annales de chemie et de physique], vol. 68, pp. 169–174.
- ↑ Davy H (1809). "An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 99: 33–104. http://books.google.com/books?id=gpwEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA140#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
- ↑ Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. (1990). "Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.
- ↑ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF". J. Molecular Spectroscopy 170: 82. Bibcode 1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058. http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/125.pdf.
- ↑ "Q & A: Where does the element Boron come from?". physics.illinois.edu. Retrieved 2011-12-04.