Súlfúrù

Súlfúrù je elimenti kemika kan to ni ami-idamo S ati nomba atomu 16. O je elimenti alaije-metali afagbarapupodimu to po repete. Labe isele deede, àwon atomu sulfuru unda horo oniatomumejo yiyipo pelu afida kemika S₈. Sufuru onielimenti je kritali alaralile pipon yanyan ni igbonasi inuyara. Bi kemika, sulfuru le darapo boya bi elimenti olusodioksidi tabi oluresile. O un so opo awon elimenti metali ati alaije-metali di oksidi, bi karbonu, to unfa agberu asodi re ninu opo awon adapo organosulfuru, sugbon o un se iresile opo awon olusodioksidi alagbara bi oksijin ati fluorini.

Súlfúrù, ₁₆S

Súlfúrù
Ìhànsójú	lemon yellow sintered microcrystals
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(S)	[32.059, 32.076] conventional: 32.06
Súlfúrù ní orí tábìlì àyè
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson O ↑ S ↓ Se fósfórù ← súlfúrù → klorínì
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z)	16
Ẹgbẹ́	group 16 (chalcogens)
Àyè	àyè 3
Àdìpọ̀	Àdìpọ̀-p
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì	Reactive nonmetal
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù	[Ne] 3s2 3p4
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan	2, 8, 6
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahàn at STP	aláralíle
Ìgbà ìyọ́	388.36 K ​(115.21 °C, ​239.38 °F)
Ígbà ìhó	717.8 K ​(444.6 °C, ​832.3 °F)
Kíki (near r.t.)	(alpha) 2.07 g/cm3 (beta) 1.96 g/cm3 (gamma) 1.92 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	1.819 g/cm3
Critical point	1314 K, 20.7 MPa
Heat of fusion	(mono) 1.727 kJ/mol
Heat of	(mono) 45 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	22.75 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 375 408 449 508 591 717
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.58
energies	(more)
Covalent radius	105±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	180 pm
Color lines in a spectral range Spectral lines of súlfúrù
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​orthorhombic
Thermal conductivity	(amorphous) 0.205 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	(amorphous) 2×1015  Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Bulk modulus	7.7 GPa
Mohs hardness	2.0
CAS Number	7704-34-9
History
Discovery	Chinese (Before 2000BC)
Recognized as an element by	Antoine Lavoisier (1777)
Main isotopes of súlfúrù
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 32S 95.02% 32S is stable with 16 neutrons 33S 0.75% 33S is stable with 17 neutrons 34S 4.21% 34S is stable with 18 neutrons 35S syn 87.32 d β− 0.167 35Cl 36S 0.02% 36S is stable with 20 neutrons

Sulfuru wa nidaye gege bi elimenti ogidi (sulfuru abinibi) ati gege bi sulfidi ati bi awon alumoni sulfati. Awon kristali sulfuru onielimenti gbajumo gan larin awon olusayan alumoni fun ara won olojupupo to pon yanyan. Nitori pe o po repete ni ibinibi re, sulfuru gbajumo fun lilo re ni igba ayejoun, ni India ayejoun, Griisi ayejoun, Saina ati Egypti. Awon efin to unjade ti won ba jo sulfuru nina unje lilo bi apakokoro, be sini awon adalu ogun to ni sulfuru ninu je lilo bi amurun (balm) ati apaafomo. Sulfuru je didaruko ninu Bibeli bi okuta ina (brimstone) ni ede Geesi, awon iwe ti ki se sayensi melo kan si unlo oruko yi doni. O pondandan lati da etu-ibon dudu to dara. Ni 1777, Antoine Lavoisier sise gidi lati je ki o ye agbajo awon onimo sayensi pe sulfuru je elimenti ipilese pe ki i se adapo.

Sulfuru onielimenti ungbakan je titujade lati inu ebe iyo nibi to ti le wa bi ogidi, sugbon ona yi ko je lilo mo lati opin orundun 20k. Loni, bi gbogbo sulfuru onielimenti unje dida gegebi esoabawa iyokuro awon idoti toni sulfuru lati inu efuufu idanida ati petroliomu. Awon ilo osowo re je pataki ninu ajile, nitoripe awon ogbin nilo re daada, ati ninu sise sulfuriki kikan, kemika to se pataki ni awon ile-ise. Awon ibomiran fun lilo elimenti yi ni sise isana, apakokoro ati apaebu. Awon opo adapo sulfuru je oloorun, be sini oorun efuufu adanida, afin jijera, grapefruit, ati garlic je nitori awon adapo sulfuru ti won ni ninu. Sulfidi haidrojin to unjade latinu awon organisimu alaye loun fa ti ẹyin to ti jera fi unrun ati si awon igbese onibioloji miran.

Sulfuru je elimenti asekoko fun gbogbo elemi, be sinu o se pataki ninu opo igbese biokemika. Ninu awon idarapo metaboliki, awon adapo sulfuru unsise bi epoidana ati eroja imin fun awon organisimu tonto. Sulfuru bi ida organiki wa ninu awon fitamin biotini ati tiamini, teyin gba oruko re lodo oruko Griiki fun sulfuru. Sulfuru je apa kan to se pataki ninu awon afiho (enzymes) ati ninu awon horo olodi-olusodioksidi bi glutathioni ati thioredoksini. Sulfuru to dipo bi organi je ikan ninu ohun inu gbogbo proteini, bo se je fun awon amino kikan kisteini ati methionini. Awon asopo Sulfidiemeji ni won unfa agbara elero ati aileyo proteini to unje keratini, to wa ni ojude awo-ara, irun, ati ìyẹ́, be sini elimenti yi kopa ninu oorun won ti won ba unjona.