Ruthenium, 44 Ru Ruthenium Pípè / r uː ˈ θ iː n i ə m / (roo-THEE -nee-əm ) Ìhànsójú silvery white metallic Ìwúwo átọ̀mù A r, std (Ru) 101.07(2) [ 1] Ruthenium ní orí tábìlì àyè
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z ) 44 Ẹgbẹ́ group 8 Àyè àyè 5 Àdìpọ̀ Àdìpọ̀-d Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì Transition metal Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù [Kr ] 4d7 5s1 Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 Àwọn ohun ìní ara Ìfarahàn at STP Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-phase Ìgbà ìyọ́ 2607 K (2334 °C, 4233 °F) Ígbà ìhó 4423 K (4150 °C, 7502 °F) Kíki (near r.t. ) 12.45 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 10.65 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 38.59 kJ/mol Heat of 591.6 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 24.06 J/(mol·K) pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
2588
2811
3087
3424
3845
4388
Atomic properties Oxidation states −4, −2, 0, +1,[ 2] +2, +3 , +4 , +5, +6, +7, +8 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment Electronegativity Pauling scale: 2.3 Atomic radius empirical: 134 pm Covalent radius 146±7 pm Color lines in a spectral range Spectral lines of rutheniumOther properties Natural occurrence primordial Crystal structure hexagonal Speed of sound thin rod 5970 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion 6.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) Thermal conductivity 117 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity 71 n Ω·m (at 0 °C) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic [ 3] Young's modulus 447 GPa Shear modulus 173 GPa Bulk modulus 220 GPa Poisson ratio 0.30 Mohs hardness 6.5 Brinell hardness 2160 MPa CAS Number 7440-18-8 Main isotopes of ruthenium
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References
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↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi :10.1515/pac-2015-0305 .
↑ "Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data" . OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10 .
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds , in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
↑ "Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data" . OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10 .