Àdàkọ:Infobox sílíkọ́nù

Sílíkọ́nù, 14Si
Sílíkọ́nù
Pípè
Ìhànsójúcrystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(Si)[28.08428.086] conventional: 28.085
Sílíkọ́nù ní orí tábìlì àyè
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
C

Si

Ge
aluminiumsílíkọ́nùphosphorus
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z)14
Ẹgbẹ́group 14 (carbon group)
Àyèàyè 3
Àdìpọ̀Àdìpọ̀-p
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì  Metalloid
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù[Ne] 3s2 3p2
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan2, 8, 4
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahàn at STPsolid
Ìgbà ìyọ́1687 K ​(1414 °C, ​2577 °F)
Ígbà ìhó3538 K ​(3265 °C, ​5909 °F)
Kíki (near r.t.)2.3290 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)2.57 g/cm3
Heat of fusion50.21 kJ/mol
Heat of 359 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity19.789 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1908 2102 2339 2636 3021 3537
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−4, −3, −2, −1, 0,[1] +1,[2] +2, +3, +4 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.90
energies
Atomic radiusempirical: 111 pm
Covalent radius111 pm
Van der Waals radius210 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of sílíkọ́nù
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure
Diamond cubic crystal structure for sílíkọ́nù
Speed of sound thin rod8433 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion2.6 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity149 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity103[3] Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[4]
Young's modulus130-188[5] GPa
Shear modulus51-80[5] GPa
Bulk modulus97.6[5] GPa
Poisson ratio0.064 - 0.28[5]
Mohs hardness7
CAS Number7440-21-3
History
PredictionAntoine Lavoisier (1787)
DiscoveryJöns Jacob Berzelius[6][7] (1824)
First isolationJöns Jacob Berzelius (1824)
Named byThomas Thomson (1831)
Main isotopes of sílíkọ́nù
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
28Si 92.23% 28Si is stable with 14 neutrons
29Si 4.67% 29Si is stable with 15 neutrons
30Si 3.1% 30Si is stable with 16 neutrons
32Si trace 153 y β 13.020 32P
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References

  1. "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016. 
  2. Ram, R. S. (1998). "Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD". J. Mol. Spectr. 190 (2): 341–352. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1998.7582. PMID 9668026. http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/184.pdf. 
  3. Physical Properties of Silicon. New Semiconductor Materials. Characteristics and Properties. Ioffe Institute
  4. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Àdàkọ:RubberBible86th
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 [1] Hopcroft, et al., "What is the Young's Modulus of Silicon?" IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 2010
  6. Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements: XII. Other elements isolated with the aid of potassium and sodium: beryllium, boron, silicon, and aluminum". Journal of Chemical Education: 1386–1412. 
  7. Voronkov, M. G. (2007). "Silicon era". Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 80 (12): 2190. doi:10.1134/S1070427207120397. 
  8. Ram, R. S. et al. (1998). "Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD". J. Mol. Spectr. 190: 341–352. PMID 9668026. http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/184.pdf.